Understanding FRBR Conceptual Model for Effective Resource Description and Access

2. FRBR Overview and Application Understanding Conceptual Relationships Presented February 5, 2013 by Jim Soe Nyun and Adolfo Tarango at UC San Diego With major thanks to the Library of Congress, whose materials form the basis of this presentation:

3. Course Objectives At the end of this course, you will be able to: • Understand FRBR as a conceptual model • Understand FRBR terminology • Identify FRBR Group 1 entities • Identify FRBR Group 1 attributes • Understand FRBR relationships • Appreciate FRBR Group 2 and Group 3 entities • Apply RDA: Resource Description & Access with a better appreciation of its underlying concepts

4. Why FRBR? Why now? FRBR • Several reasons: • RDA is based on this conceptual model • RDA uses these terms and language • To make the catalog work best for patrons

5. Why FRBR? • If you understand these concepts and terms • It will be easier to navigate the RDA text • You can better apply RDA (because we can’t cover everything in classroom training -- unless you want training to last the rest of your lives) • It will be easier to use cataloger’s judgment in context

6. Why Do Libraries Need FRBR? To avoid becoming marginalized by other information delivery services To cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries To encourage redesign of our systems to move us into linked data information discovery and navigation systems in the Internet environment To make our bibliographic descriptions and access data more internationally acceptable Tillett, Barbara. Keeping libraries relevant in the semantic Web with RDA: Resource Description and Access. First appeared in Serials, Nov. 2011 issue, Vol. 24, no. 3. 6

7. FRBR Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records • Conceptual model • Not a set of rules • Uses an entity relationship model, rather than descriptive analysis

8. FRBR FRBR is an abstraction of how we can think about bibliographic records. Applying its principles we can facilitate relationships: • between data elements, and • between data and users

9. FRBR vs. RDA vs. MARC • FRBR is a conceptual model • RDA is a cataloging standard that is based on the FRBR conceptual model • MARC is an encoding scheme by which computers exchange, use, and interpret bibliographic information

10. FRBR • User-centered, based on concrete user tasks: • Find • Identify • Select • Obtain

11. FRBR User Tasks • Find to locate either a single entity or a set of entities as the result of a search using an attribute or relationship of the entity • Identify to confirm that the entity described corresponds to the entity sought, or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics

12. FRBR User Tasks • Select to choose an entity that meets the user's requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc., or to reject an entity as being inappropriate to the user's needs • Obtain to acquire an entity through purchase, loan, etc., or to access an entity electronically through an online connection

13. The FRBREntity-Relationship Framework • Entities (a class of things) • Attributes (characteristics of the entities) [RDA calls these “elements”] • Relationships (associations among entities)

14. The FRBREntity-Relationship Framework • Entities: • Group 1 Entities – Works, Expressions, Manifestations, and Items • Group 2 Entities – Persons, Corporate Bodies, Families • Group 3 Entities – Concept, Place, Event, Object

15. Vocabulary “Book” Doorstop (item) “publication” at bookstore any copy (manifestation) Cited from Patrick LeBoeuf, former chair of the IFLA FRBR Review Group 15

16. Vocabulary “Book” • Who illustrated? (expression) • Who wrote? (work) Cited from Patrick LeBoeuf, former chair of the IFLA FRBR Review Group 16

17. Which “book” are you cataloging? • When you catalog a “book” on your desk: • You are working with a FRBR Group 1 Item • The bibliographic record you create will represent a FRBR Group 1 Manifestation with some attributes of the contained Work and Expression • Attributes of other FRBR group entities may appear in the bibliographic record

18. WEMI (or IMEW?) • FRBR Group 1 entities • Work • Expression • Manifestation • Item • Item • Manifestation • Expression • Work

19. The Item in FRBR • An item is a concrete entity • A single physical object (e.g., a copy of a one-volume monograph, a single audio cassette, etc.) or: • Can comprise more than one physical object (e.g., a monograph issued as two separately bound volumes, a recording issued on three separate compact discs, etc.).

20. Quick Quiz! Identify the FRBR Item A.Digitized version of the printed Oxford University Press text published in 2008? B. Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books Collection? C. French translation? D. London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance? E. Shakespeare’s Hamlet? 20 Tillett, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 2009. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask

21. Quick Quiz! Which “book” is the FRBR Item? A. We should order that book. B. I'd like to read that book in French. C. I have lost my book. D. That movie is based on my favorite book. Riva, Pat. CLA 2010 Conference, Edmonton, Alberta. 2 June 2010. IFLA’s Conceptual Models and RDA

22. The Manifestation in FRBR • A manifestationrepresents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and physical form • Encompasses a wide range of materials • Manuscripts • Books • Periodicals • Maps • Posters • Sound recordings • CD-ROMs • Multimedia kits

23. A.Digitized version of the printed Oxford University Press text published in 2008? B. Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books Collection? C. French translation? D. London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance? E. Shakespeare’s Hamlet? Quick Quiz! Identify the FRBR Manifestation 23 Tillett, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 2009. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask

24. Quick Quiz! Which “book” is the FRBR Manifestation? A. We should order that book. B. I'd like to read that book in French. C. I have lost my book. D. That movie is based on my favorite book. Riva, Pat. CLA 2010 Conference, Edmonton, Alberta. 2 June 2010. IFLA’s Conceptual Models and RDA

25. The Expression in FRBR • An expression is the intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of: • Alpha-numeric notation in a specific language • Musical notation • Choreographic notation • Sound • Image • Object • Movement • Or any combination of such forms How the ideas are communicated

26. Quick Quiz! Identify the FRBR Expression A.Digitized version of the printed Oxford University Press text published in 2008? B. Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books Collection? C. French translation? D. London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance? E. Shakespeare’s Hamlet? 26 Tillett, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 2009. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask

27. A. We should order that book. B. I'd like to read that book in French. C. I have lost my book. D. That movie is based on my favorite book. Quick Quiz! Which “book” is the FRBR Expression? Riva, Pat. CLA 2010 Conference, Edmonton, Alberta. 2 June 2010. IFLA’s Conceptual Models and RDA

28. The Work in FRBR • A work is abstract entity - ideas • There is no material object one can point to • It is recognized through individual realizations or expressions • It exists only in the commonality of content between and among the various expressions

29. A.Digitized version of the printed Oxford University Press text published in 2008? B. Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books Collection? C. French translation? D. London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance? E. Shakespeare’s Hamlet? Quick Quiz!Identify the FRBR Work 29 Tillett, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 2009. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask

30. A. We should order that book. B. I'd like to read that book in French. C. I have lost my book. D. That movie is based on my favorite book. Quick Quiz! Which “book” is the FRBR Work? Riva, Pat. CLA 2010 Conference, Edmonton, Alberta. 2 June 2010. IFLA’s Conceptual Models and RDA

31. Online Quiz 1: FRBR Terminology • Online Quiz – 15 minutes • Multiple Choice • Fill-in-the Blanks • True/False • Graded results at end of quiz • We will work through the quiz as a group 31

32. Intermission

33. FRBR Entities Beyond the Library:The Chair Example The Work refers to any particular design of a chair thought up by a particular person. The Expression is the chair taking shape, as decisions are made about its size, color, and the materials that will be used to construct it. The Manifestation is the entire manufacturing run by Vitra in 1972 of Frank Gehry’s Wiggle side chair, using cardboard with masonite. The Item is the single chair in a museum exhibition. 33

34. Attributes of an Item Include, among others: • Item identifier • Provenance of the item • Marks/inscriptions • Fingerprint

35. Item attribute example Note from a bibliographic record: Extra-illustrated copy, with photographs of Robert-Houdin’s tomb, various obituaries, clippings, a performance handbill from 1848, etc., mostly tipped in, although a few are laid in. MS. Annotations in the hand of Houdini throughout and extensive notes on blanks at end. Autographed by Houdini on added free front-endpaper.

36. 1? 2? 3? 4? Quick Quiz : Identify the Item attribute

37. Attributes of a Manifestation Include, among others: • Title of the manifestation • Statement of responsibility • Edition/issue designation • Publication information: Place ; Publisher ; Date • Series statement • Form of carrier

38. 1? 2? 3? 4? Quick Quiz : Identify the Manifestation attribute

39. Attributes of an Expression Include, among others: • Form of expression • Date of the expression • Language of expression • Extent of the expression • Summarization of content

40. Quick Quiz : Identify the Expression attribute 1? 2? 3? 4?

41. Attributes of a Work Include, among others: • Title of the work • Form of work • Date of the work • Context for the work

42. Quick Quiz : Identify the Work attribute 1? 2? 3? 4?

43. Online Quiz 2Attributes of FRBR Group 1 Entities • Online Quiz – 15 minutes • Multiple Choice • True/False • We will work through the quiz as a group 43

44. Entity Relationships and FRBR Inherent relationships: work “is realized by” by an expression expression “is embodied in” a manifestation manifestation “is exemplified by” an item 44

45. FRBR Group 1 Entities one many Work is realized through Expression is embodied in Intellectual/Artistic Content Physical – Recording of Content Manifestation is exemplified by Item

46. Quick Quiz! Identifying Group 1 Entities Identify the FRBR Group 1 entities: • Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone • Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets • Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban • Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire • Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix • Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince • Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Works

47. Quick Quiz!Identifying Group 1 Entities Adaptations: • Movie: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) • Video game: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) Expressions or Works!

48. 1Based on diagram in “Bibliographic Relationships,” Barbara B. Tillett. Ch. 2 in: Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge, edited by Carol A. Bean and Rebecca Green. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, p. 19-35. Family of Works Equivalent Descriptive Derivative Free Translation Review Edition Microform Reproduction Casebook Summary Abstract Dramatization Criticism Simultaneous “Publication” Abridged Edition Novelization Digest Screenplay Copy Libretto Evaluation Illustrated Edition Revision Change of Genre Exact Reproduction Parody Annotated Edition Translation Expurgated Edition Imitation Same Style or Thematic Content Variations or Versions Facsimile Arrangement Commentary Slight Modification Reprint Adaptation Original Work--Same Expression Same Work – New Expression New Work Cataloging Rules Cut-Off Point

49. Entity Relationships and FRBR Content relationships: Equivalence Derivative Descriptive Structural relationships: Whole/part Part-to-part Sequential Accompanying Shared characteristics 49

50. Quick Quiz!Identifying Group 1 Entities Expression • Original English version (2000) • Bloomsbury (UK) hardcover • Bloomsbury (UK) paperback • Bloomsbury (UK) paperback (adult cover) • Scholastic (US) hardcover • Scholastic (US) paperback • Raincoast (Canada) hardcover • Raincoast (Canada) paperback • Penguin (Canada) paperback (adult cover) Manifestations