Landfill Mining Austria – Pilot region Styria (LAMIS)

1. Landfill Mining Austria – Pilot region Styria(LAMIS) DI Tanja Wolfsberger, Univ. Prof. DI Dr. Roland Pomberger, Dr. Daniel Höllen, DI Renato Sarc

2. Content Introduction and Definition Landfill Mining Austria Methods Results Conclusion and future prospects T. Wolfsberger

3. INTRODUCTION

4. Definition Anthropogenically created deposits UrbanMining ≠ Contaminated Site Remediation Landfill Mining Contaminant Orientation Raw material Orientation T. Wolfsberger

5. LFM – Something new? • Landfill Mining (LFM) since 1953 • Similar deposited waste composition all over the world Decomposed Material Paper, Wood, Plastics, Textiles Concrete, Stones, Glass Metalls Average composition of deposited waste materials [mass-%] (Krook et al., 2012) T. Wolfsberger

6. LFM – Something new? • Motivation of previous projects: • Production of compost or soil • Reclamation of landfill capacity • Rehabilitation of contaminated sites • Groundwater protection • NEW: • Raw Materials • Treatment and Recycling technologies T. Wolfsberger

7. Project Landfill Mining Austria Pilot regionStyria (LAMIS) T. Wolfsberger

8. LAMIS – General Data Promotion: FFG - Bridge Period: 2013 – 2016 Partner: T. Wolfsberger

9. Main Aims of the project • Obtain data on the amount, the type and composition of wastes deposited in landfills of Styria • Investigation of the resource potential of selected landfills • Define one or more location/s, which may be suitable for a deconstruction • Collect data on existing and proven technologiesand examine their suitability for landfill dismantling T. Wolfsberger

10. Main Aims of the project • Characterisation in terms of quality and quantity • Determination of the actual waste composition an its influence on sorting technologies • Demonstration of the real usable content and evaluation of the amount and quality of recovered materials • Development of economically viable recoverypaths and markets, recruiting of potential customers • Verbalization of recommendations for Austrian legislation T. Wolfsberger

11. METHODS

12. Questions • What is the theoretically achievable resource potential? • What amount and what quality are recoverable? • What service capacity is achievable? • What is economically feasible? • Which conditions and scenarios are needed for an economic landfill mining project? T. Wolfsberger

13. Methods T. Wolfsberger

14. RESULTS T. Wolfsberger

15. Results- Fundamental Analysis • Iron and Non-ferrous metals (MCWM) • Minerals • Materials with high net calorific value (e.g. paper, paperboard and cardboard (PPC), wood) •  Mass-waste landfills T. Wolfsberger

16. Results- Fundamental Analysis T. Wolfsberger

17. Results – Theoretical Resource Potential x Municipal waste sorting analysis (e.g. from 1998) Deposited waste amount 1 (Density (1.0 – 1.3 t/m³) * Volume) Decomposition of organic fractions through microbiological processes 2 (Tabasaran & Rettenberger, 1987) Water Content 3 Theoretical Resource Potential T. Wolfsberger

18. Results – Theoretical Resource Potential Step 1 – Deposited amount of potential recoverable waste  Theoretically5,154,700 t OS of recoverable waste material T. Wolfsberger

19. Results – Theoretical Resource Potential Step 2 – Consideration of degradation processes Gt Amount of landfill gas over the period t [m³] MA Deposited waste amount [t] Corg Microbiologically degradable organic carbon content [kg C* tWaste-1] T Temperature [°C]  30 – 35 °C (Literature data) k Degradation factor [a-1]  0,035 – 0,045 a-1 (Literature data) t period [a] Degree of degradation in selected Styrian Mass-waste landfills 51 – 77 mass-% T. Wolfsberger

20. Results – Theoretical Resource Potential Step 2 – Consideration of degradation processes  Theoretically4,379,330 t OS of recoverable waste material left T. Wolfsberger

21. Results – Theoretical Resource Potential Step 3 – Consideration of Water Content • (1) Results from a mass-waste landfill in Lower Austria • Results from a landfill site in Hessen, Germany [Nispel, 2012] • (3) Assumption; specific water content of plastics was adopted for composites

22. Results – Theoretical Resource Potential Step 3 – Consideration of Water Content  Theoretically3,176,060 t DM of recoverable waste material T. Wolfsberger

23. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS T. Wolfsberger

24. Conclusion • Especially iron, non-ferrous metals, minerals and materials with high net calorific value (e.g. plastics, paper, cardboard and wood) can be recovered from landfill bodies • Focus on Mass-waste Landfills • Approximately 5,200,000 tons OS of potential recoverable waste materials within 10 selected Styrian landfills • Theoretical Resource Potential about 4,400,000 tons OS respectively 3,200,000 tons DM T. Wolfsberger

25. Future Prospects • Further investigations about quality and possible recycling processes have to be conducted •  Drilling and/or pitting •  Gain representative samples •  Chemical characterisation •  Feed to different treatment processes (e.g. sieving, crushing, sorting) T. Wolfsberger

26. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! DI Tanja Wolfsberger Montanuniversitaet Leoben ChairofWaste Processing Technology andWaste Management Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben  + 43 (0) 3842 402 5117  tanja.wolfsberger@unileoben.ac.at T. Wolfsberger