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Satellite Network Dimensioning

Satellite Network Dimensioning. Andreas Spoormaker Director Customer Solutions Engineering-Intelsat Africa. Agenda. Service Level Elements Common Satellite Network Technology Economics – Cost of Ownership Which Solution is Best for My Network? Link Optimization Initiatives. Agenda.

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Satellite Network Dimensioning

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  1. Satellite Network Dimensioning Andreas SpoormakerDirector Customer Solutions Engineering-Intelsat Africa

  2. Agenda • Service Level Elements • Common Satellite Network Technology • Economics – Cost of Ownership • Which Solution is Best for My Network? • Link Optimization Initiatives

  3. Agenda • Service Level Elements • Satellite Network Technology Options • Economics - Cost of Ownership • Which Solution is Best for My Network? • Link Optimization Initiatives

  4. Service Level Elements (1) • Example 1Mbps service descriptions… • 1Mbps dedicated outbound / 1Mpbs dedicated inbound • 1Mbps dedicated outbound / 256kbps dedicated inbound • 1Mbps shared (5:1) outbound with 256kbps CIR / 256kbps shared (5:1) inbound with 32kbps CIR • 1Mbps shared (10:1) outbound with 128kbps CIR / 256kbps shared (10:1) inbound with 16kbps CIR • 1Mbps shared (25:1) outbound with no CIR / 1Mbps shared (25:1) inbound with no CIR • etc… ...many potential scenarios  Need to clearly specify requirement!

  5. Service Level Elements (2)IP Layer • Common Service Level criteria at IP Layer: • Committed Information Rate (CIR) (min/max for ACM) • Burstable Information Rate (BIR) • Oversubscription Ratio (X:Y) • Quality of Service (application, VoIP, Diffserv, etc…)

  6. Service Level Elements (3)IP Layer • Network Dimensioning Considerations: • Supported applications • Number of users and locations • Traffic per user/group • Latency (terrestrial, access protocol, propagation ≈260ms, hub processing) • Response time • Scope for growth/expansion of network

  7. Service Level Elements (4) • Service Level criteria can only be met if following ensured: • Latency (delay) • Jitter (real-time packet Rx) • BER • Link Availability • Downtime …SLA’s carry underlying commercial penalties for non-performance…

  8. Service Level Elements (5) • Satellite network is one component of end to end service • Need to dimension satellite network to ensure performance criteria met • Efficient delivery to remote sites • Efficient inbound access method (to support CIR, BIR) • Intelsat customers can deliver against SLA (to their end customers)

  9. The Satellite Link … sufficient margins must be included to ensure link integrity …

  10. Satellite Frequency Band Hub Antenna Size Hub Location Remote Antenna Size Remote Locations Service Level Latency, Jitter, etc. Availability, Downtime, etc. Voice Traffic Number of VoIP Lines % Usage on Average % Usage Maximum Data Traffic CIR BIR Oversubscription Ratio Video Traffic Quality Necessary Inputs to Determine Proper Solution

  11. Agenda • Service Level Elements • Satellite Network Technology Options • Economics - Cost of Ownership • Which Solution is Best for My Network? • Link Optimisation Initiatives

  12. Satellite Access Technologies • Hub platform supporting delivery to multiple sites via shared outbound • Dedicated or shared inbound, depending on service requirements/platform

  13. Satellite Access TechnologiesOutbound (TDM, DVB-S2, etc.) • Hub-based shared mechanism • IP Packet Switching over an MCPC Carrier • TDM combines multiple data streams/packets using variable time slot lengths • Statistical multiplexing allocates bandwidth on an as-needed basis using different statistical decision criteria • Much tighter IP packet transmission than a remote shared mechanism (TDMA, DVB-RCS, etc.) – reduced overhead • Some version of TDM used for the outbound carrier of most every satellite point-to-multipoint network solution

  14. Satellite Access TechnologiesInbound (TDMA, DVB-RCS, etc.) • Allows multiple remotes to access shared medium in an organized fashion • Access control is required • Reference bursts • Timing references for all stations to allow proper burst interleaving within TDMA frame • Guard time • Transmit timing accuracy and range rate variation of satellite • Traffic burst • One remote at a time • Detailed traffic plan is calculated and disseminated • One or many slots per burst • One remote per slot

  15. Satellite Access TechnologiesInbound (SCPC) • Single Channel per Carrier provides the ability for one remote to access the same medium at a time in a non-contended fashion • No sharing of bandwidth between remotes within the medium itself • No concept of a timeframe as packets are tightly packed without concern of contention • No access control required • Associated overhead eliminated • All “bursts” are traffic, one after another not overhead • Each site has a fixed amount of bandwidth available to it at all times

  16. Single Channel Per Carrier TDM/MF-SCPC Model

  17. Time Division Multiple Access TDM/MF-TDMA Model

  18. Agenda • Service Level Elements • Satellite Network Technology Options • Economics - Cost of Ownership • Which Solution is Best for My Network? • Link Optimisation Initiatives

  19. Satellite Network Economics“Cost of Ownership” • Operating Expenses (OPEX) • Satellite space segment • Teleport operations • Licensing • Capital Expenses (CAPEX) • Remote • Indoor Kit • Outdoor Kit • Hub Equipment • Indoor Kit • Ground equipment, routers, switching equipment • Outdoor Kit • Converters, RF, HPA, antennas Operating Expenses SiteRental Operations & Maintenance Power Transmission OPEX Spares/SupportTraining Capital Expenses TransmissionEquipment NetworkEquipment CivilWorks SiteEquipment NRO Network Operations + Depreciation Total Cost of Ownership

  20. Mbps vs. MHz • Data • Actual Information Modulation • Layer 2 O/H • Control • Addressing * • Guard Band * • Reference Bursts * FEC Layer 2 O/H Data Mbps • FEC • Added Redundancy • Modulation • Bits/Hz

  21. Mbps vs. MHzRevenue and Cost Bases …Service REVENUE based upon IP Rate in Mbps… Modulation FEC …Main OPEX cost based upon total MHz required… Layer 2 O/H Data Mbps An end user’s service level requirements and per-site price points will determine what realistic margins may be achievable…

  22. Satellite Access Technologies(Info Rate vs. IP Rate) • Two different data rates are important when sizing a TDMA network… IP Rate and Information Rate • IP Rate is the actual IP throughput including IP headers and data at Layer 3 of the OSI model • Represents actual LAN traffic on both remote and hub LANs • Information Rate is the actual Layer 2 information, including TDMA framing overhead, sent over the satellite • Link budgets must account for Information Rate, not IP Rate • Different platforms have different IP Rate / Information Rate ratios • Depends on satellite access method • aloha, slotted aloha (minimum delay, low traffic), TDMA

  23. Less Power Less BW Forward Error CorrectionTurbo Product Coding (TPC) • Iterative decoding process • Process produces a likelihood and confidence level measure for each bit • Two parallel decoders “collaborate” and reach joint decision on bit value • Low latency (vs. TCC, Vit/RS) • Due to the fact that there is no need to buffer for interleaving • Turbo Product Coding • Lower Eb/No requires less power • Higher efficiency requires less bandwidth Viterbi / RS TPC

  24. Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) • Basis of DVB-S2 standard (LDPC/BCH) • Third-class of Turbo Code • Turbo Product Coding (TPC) • Turbo Convolutional Coding (TCC) • Iteratively decoded block code • Performs 0.7 dB – 1.2 dB better than TPC at low FEC rates (3/4 and below) • While coding gain is greater, processing delay can be an issue

  25. Spectral Efficiency vs. Eb/No Source : Comtech EF Data

  26. Benefits of Forward Error Correction • Advances in FEC can offer ≥ 3-5 dB of performance • 3 dB of Coding Gain can: • Reduce required bandwidth by 50% (OPEX) • Increase data throughput by a factor of 2 (OPEX) • Reduce antenna size by 30% (CAPEX) • Reduce transmitter power by a factor of 2 (CAPEX) • Provides more link margin (Service Level)

  27. Allocated BW Transponder bandwidth actually used Linear function of modulation and FEC Decreases with higher order mods and FECs “Bandwidth Limited” links have greater allocated BW compared to PEB Power Equivalent BW Transponder power required to close link Complicated function of hub antenna, remote antenna and satellite specifics along with required Eb/No Increases with higher order mods and FECs “Power Limited” links have greater PEB compared to allocated BW Bandwidth vs. Power Balanced Allocated BW/PEB

  28. CAPEX (Hub Hardware) • Two models of hub hardware cost assignment • Per project • Over multiple projects • Hub platform costs can introduce significantly high barriers to entry • Lower cost hubs have lowered this barrier • Virtual Network Operator (VNO) concept lowered this entry cost • Growth costs must also be considered • Function of how many end customers a “starter kit” can support • Equipment re-use • Some platforms use the same hardware for hub and remote

  29. CAPEX (Remote Hardware) • Remote costscan become significant part of the total cost of a network • Portion of TCO grows with the size of the network • Indoor Kit • Low-cost TDMA/DVB-RCS Indoor Units (IDUs) have dropped in price to $1,000 • SCPC modems $4,000+ • Outdoor Kit • Antenna and ODU sizing based on either shared carrier size or dedicated carrier size • Example  1024 kbps TDMA inbound carrier with each remote requiring a 256 kbps service

  30. CAPEX (Remote Hardware)TDMA vs. SCPC • ODU requirements  TDMA site requires ~30% more power • Bandwidth requirements  SCPC site requires ~53% more BW • Avg. CIR  256kbps vs. 512kbps (TDMA vs. SCPC)

  31. CAPEX (Remote Hardware)TDMA vs. SCPC • ODU requirements  TDMA site requires ~160% more power • Bandwidth requirements  SCPC site requires ~53% more BW • Avg. CIR  256kbps vs. 512kbps (TDMA vs. SCPC)

  32. CAPEX (Remote Hardware)TDMA vs. SCPC • ODU constant  Higher mod and/or FEC possible with SCPC • Hub CAPEX constant in SCPC model, variable with TDMA • Ratio of Avg. CIR / BIR will determine best solution

  33. Agenda • Service Level Elements • Satellite Network Technology Options • Economics - Cost of Ownership • Which Solution is Best for My Network? • Link Optimization Initiatives

  34. TDM / MF - SCPC TDM / MF-TDMA So Which Solution is Best?? One Cannot Determine…

  35. Satellite Frequency Band Hub Antenna Size Hub Location Remote Antenna Size Remote Locations Service Level Latency, Jitter Availability, Downtime Voice Traffic Number of VoIP Lines % Usage on Average % Usage Maximum Data Traffic CIR BIR Oversubscription Ratio Video Traffic Quality So Which Solution is Best?? Until These Are Known… … only with this information can one make the proper decision…

  36. Agenda • Service Level Elements • Satellite Network Technology Options • Economics - Cost of Ownership • Which Solution is Best for My Network? • Link Optimization Initiatives

  37. Link Performance Optimization Intelsat support to optimise throughput / service delivery: • Optimized link analysis (LST-5, STRIP7, IOO) • Beam/txp/carrier allocation to optimise outbound/inbound performance • In-house evaluation of hardware (managed service portfolio)  operating conditions (e.g. IESS, 16APSK DVB-S2, CCT) • VNO – traffic optimization (iDirect)

  38. Network Dimensioning Satellite Parameters Orbit Location Coverage Footprint Frequency band Transponder Op Mode Customer Requirements CIR/BIR/oversubscription/QoS VoIP traffic profiles Video/data profile Latency, Jitter etc. IP/Information Rate BER Availability Dimensioning Satellite Bandwidth Txp Operating Point Hub/Remote Antenna HPA Size Link Performance Link Budget Network Architecture Number of carriers Access type (Outbound/Inbound) Modulation, Coding

  39. Satellite Parameters – Footprint Data • Technical User Guides (TUG) – Footprint Data (IS-902/62°E) • Transponder, Connectivity, etc.

  40. Link Optimization • LST5 link budget tool • STRIP7, OFPS (Intelsat) • 8PSK/8QAM, 16QAM, 16APSK • ACM - maximize throughput under dynamic link conditions (SLA) • LDPC (incorporated into LST5) • CCT optimization algorithm soon (guidance on interim LST-5 approach)

  41. 16APSK Operation • Detailed testing of Newtec Elevation DVB-S2 modulator to determine practical operating conditions for 16APSK under multicarrier txp / saturated txp scenarios • With pre-correction • No pre-correction – assessment of HPA OBO for TWTA, linearized TWTA, SSPA • Implications for general DVB-S2 platforms

  42. 16APSK Operation • No significant impact for use of linear pre-correction for group delay/frequency response for multi-carrier transponder • Require non-linear pre-correction to compensate for amplitude and phase distortions associated with operation near transponder saturation • Uplink HPA assumed to operate multi-carrier OBO • Requires transponder characteristics (freq response, group delay, AM/AM, AM/PM) • Newtec calculation of pre-distortion data (approx. 24 hours) • Load data into Newtec modulator

  43. Comtech Double Talk Carrier-in-Carrier

  44. Comtech Double Talk Carrier-in-Carrier Teleport Loopback test

  45. Thank You: Questions?

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