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MOBILE PHONE ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY

HISTORY. The idea of the first cellular network was brainstormed in 1947DisadvantagesAll the analogue system suffered from overloadIncompatibility

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MOBILE PHONE ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY

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    1. MOBILE PHONE ARCHITECTURE & TECHNOLOGY

    2. HISTORY The idea of the first cellular network was brainstormed in 1947 Disadvantages All the analogue system suffered from overload Incompatibility & proprietary nature Roaming was not possible

    3. GSM/group special mobile started out as the name of working group of CEPT( European conference of Postal & telecommunication) Task of this group was standardisation of digital mobile communication GSM had become the name of standard itself. The acronym GSM had been changed from Group Spcial Mobile to Global Systems Mobile Telecommunications.

    4. Technology GSM (global system mobile) CDMA (Code division multiple access)

    5. Architecture of GSM network

    6. Cellular Systems The geographic area is divided into cells Each cell has a Base Station managing the communications A set of cells managed by a single MSC is called Location Area

    7. Mobile Station (MS) Mobile Equipment International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Personal Identification Number (PIN) International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number Enables access to subscribed services Smart card The Mobile Station (MS) consists of the Mobile Equipment (ME) and the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). The Mobile Equipment (ME), commonly referred to as a terminal or handset, comes in two varieties: fixed and portable. A fixed MS is usually installed in a vehicle while portable MSs are normally carried by subscribers. Due to size limitations and power requirements, fixed MSs were originally predominant though this situation has changed dramatically in recent years as the portable MS is by now almost ubiquitous and even regarded as a fashion accessory. The ME is uniquely identified by its International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number, which is primarily used for security purposes. A Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) is a smart card that is inserted into the ME to provide personal mobility. Each SIM card contains an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number that uniquely identifies the subscriber to the network thereby allowing access to subscribed services. To prevent unauthorised access, the SIM card can be protected using a Personal Identification Number (PIN). Only emergency calls can be made from a terminal without a SIM card. While the SIM card currently facilitates a number of services including the standard Short Message Service (SMS), advances in smart card technologies will ensure that the SIM card becomes a cornerstone for any new services deployed in the future. The Mobile Station (MS) consists of the Mobile Equipment (ME) and the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). The Mobile Equipment (ME), commonly referred to as a terminal or handset, comes in two varieties: fixed and portable. A fixed MS is usually installed in a vehicle while portable MSs are normally carried by subscribers. Due to size limitations and power requirements, fixed MSs were originally predominant though this situation has changed dramatically in recent years as the portable MS is by now almost ubiquitous and even regarded as a fashion accessory. The ME is uniquely identified by its International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number, which is primarily used for security purposes. A Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) is a smart card that is inserted into the ME to provide personal mobility. Each SIM card contains an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number that uniquely identifies the subscriber to the network thereby allowing access to subscribed services. To prevent unauthorised access, the SIM card can be protected using a Personal Identification Number (PIN). Only emergency calls can be made from a terminal without a SIM card. While the SIM card currently facilitates a number of services including the standard Short Message Service (SMS), advances in smart card technologies will ensure that the SIM card becomes a cornerstone for any new services deployed in the future.

    8. MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER MSC is a sophisticated telephone exchange which provides circuit-switched calling mobility management GSM services to the mobile phones roaming within the area that it serves. ie voice, data and fax services, as well as SMS and call divert.

    9. Tasks of the MSC include delivering calls to subscribers as they arrive based on information from the VLR connecting outgoing calls to other mobile subscribers or the PSTN. delivering SMS from subscribers to the SMSC and vice versa arranging handovers from BSC to BSC carrying out handovers from this MSC to another supporting supplementary services such as conference calls or call hold. collecting billing information.

    10. BASE STATION SUB-SYSTEM BSS consists of two nodes Base Transceiver station (BTS)-: BTS contains the equipment for transmitting and receiving of radio signals (transceivers), antennas, and equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications with the Base Station Controller (BSC)

    11. Base Station Controller (BSC) Provides classically, the intelligence behind the BTSs It handles allocation of radio channels, receives measurements from the mobile phones, controls handovers from BTS to BTS

    12. DATA BASES H.L.R (HOME LOCATION REGISTER) V.L.R (VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER) E.I.R (EQUIPMENT IDENTIFY REGISTER)

    13. HLR Master subscriber database Used for the management of mobile subscriber Contains subscription levels, call restrictions, supplementary services and most recent location of the subscriber

    14. VLR Temporary subscriber data base Contains data needed by the MSC for servicing visiting subscribers Contains information for all visiting mobile subscribers

    15. EIR Database which contains information about the mobile equipment identity Used for equipment security and validation of different types of mobile equipment

    16. FREQUENCY RANGE

    17. ACCESS SCHEMES

    18. CDMA BASICS CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) splits calls into fragments and send them over different frequencies simultaneously The use of multiple frequencies gives CDMA effective protection against interference and lost calls CDMA supports true packet switching and does not use time slots, therefore is more bandwidth efficient than TDMA -- also a more direct path to 3G Current CDMA penetration in the world market is about 27%

    19. ADVANTAGES OF CDMA Voice quality Call security Network capacity Call maintenance

    20. BLOCK DIAGRAM

    21. MAJOR SECTIONS There are three major sections inside a mobile phone Power Section Radio Section Computer Section

    22. POWER SECTION A Power section deals with power related tasks such as power distribution or charging the battery so this section is divided into two sub sections Power distribution Charging section

    23. RADIO SECTION A radio section has basically a set of four main functions-: Band Switching RF Power Amplification Transmitter Receiver

    24. COMPUTER SECTION A computer section consists of two main functions CPU (central processing unit) Memory (RAM,FLASH,COMBO CHIP)

    25. TRANSMISSION

    26. PCB LAYOUT

    27. NOKIA 2600

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