Chapter 1

1. Chapter 1 Lesson 3 The Struggle over Slavery

2. Missouri Compromise • In 1819 the United States was made up 11 Free States, and 11 Slave States. • Since each state had two United States Senators, the Senate was balanced. (Meaning, neither side had an advantage when it came to passing laws!) • In 1819, Missouri asked for statehood and wanted to enter the United States as a Slave State. (Upsetting the balance in the Senate!)

3. Missouri Compromise • Henry Clay of Kentucky, known as the “Great Compromiser” came up with a plan to keep the balance. • The Compromise of 1820, known as the Missouri Compromise, admitted Missouri as a slave state, and admitted Maine as a free state. • By admitting Maine as a free state, the balance was continued. 12 Free, 12 Slave.

4. New Problem • Louisiana Purchase. What would happen when territories within the Louisiana Purchase wanted to become states? • The Compromise of 1820 tried to solve this problem. • It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30' parallel except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri.

6. The Compromise of 1850 • In 1849, California applied for statehood as a free state. • By 1849, the United States was made up of 15 free states and 15 slave states. • Henry Clay proposes The Compromise of 1850. • The South accepts California as a Free State, the North would accept the Fugitive Slave Law.

7. Kansas-Nebraska Act

8. Kansas-Nebraska Act • Nebraska Territory in the North and the Kansas Territory in the South were both above the Missouri Compromise line. • Many Southerners insisted that slavery be allowed in both Nebraska Territory and the Kansas Territory. • Solution, Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act. A majority vote would decide whether Kansas would be free or slave.

9. Kansas-Nebraska Act • Problem: Because a majority vote would decide the issue, and there was no way to accurately register voters. People against slavery and people for slavery invaded the state in an attempt to sway the vote. • Violence broke out in many areas of Kansas, until the U.S. military was called out to settle the violence.

10. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

11. Divided Country • Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, described the cruelties of slavery. • The book sold 300,000 copies in the first year. • The book convinced many people about the evils of slavery.

12. Dred Scott

13. Divided Country • Dred Scott : an enslaved African American from Missouri, tried to sue for his freedom. • Cases reached the Supreme Court, on the basis that Scott’s master had moved to a Free State, and on that accord, Scott should be allowed to go free. • Supreme Court cited that slaves have no rights, and therefore can not take a case into court.

14. John Brown

15. A Divided Country • John Brown: Led attacks on pro-slavery Kansas, made plans to attack slave owners in Virginia. • To carry out the attacks, Brown needed weapons, and he planned to steal them from an United States arsenal. Harpers Ferry, Virginia. • On October 16, Brown and 21 other men attacked the arsenal, but federal and state soldiers stopped them. • Brown was taken prisoner and hanged for his actions.

16. A New Political Party

17. A New Political Party • Abraham Lincoln: Republicans choose Abraham Lincoln as their candidate. Lincoln, a lawyer from Springfield, Illinois. • Lincoln was elected President in 1860, but won without winning any Southern electoral votes. • Southerners feared that Lincoln would attempt to outlaw slavery.