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IPCI! Indicator of Parent-Child Interaction A Practitioner-Friendly Tool for Monitoring Progress in Parent-Child Interaction. www.challengingbehavior.org. Judith Carta & Kathleen Baggett Juniper Gardens Children’s Project www. igdi .ku.edu. Goals today. Tell you what IPCIs are.
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IPCI! Indicator of Parent-Child InteractionA Practitioner-Friendly Tool for Monitoring Progress in Parent-Child Interaction www.challengingbehavior.org Judith Carta & Kathleen Baggett Juniper Gardens Children’s Project www.igdi.ku.edu
Goals today • Tell you what IPCIs are. • Describe how they are used. • Discuss practice void that IPCIs fill. • Describe preliminary efforts at scaling up their use.
How can we identify the youngest children with challenging behaviors? • Ask parents and caregivers • Observe in naturalistic situations • Set up natural opportunities for interaction and observe
We need to know about caregivers’ behavior too. • Caregivers’ behavior often sets the occasion for children’s behavior • Caregivers provide a critical context for their children’s development. • High-risk interactions • Supportive/facilitative behavior • Enhancing caregivers’ responsiveness is often an important target for intervention
What Features Are Needed in an Indicator of Earliest Interactions? • Easy-to-use: to screen and identify at-risk interactions with very young children • Quick and repeatable: to allow for progress monitoring in the context of interventions • Easily trained: So interventionists from varying disciplines can use them efficiently and communicate with each other • Traditional psychometric properties
What is the IPCI? • An experimental measure of parent-child interaction • Being field-tested and refined to screen & monitor parent-child interaction • For use by early interventionists such as: >Part-C EI Teachers >Early Head Start Advocates >Social Workers >Home Visiting Nurses
What does the IPCI Measure? • Parent Behavior • Child Behavior • Dyadic Behavior
How is IPCI administered? • In family homes or other caregiving settings (centers, foster homes) • 4 semi-structured authentic activities are observed for a total of 10 minutes • 14 items are rated on a 4-point scale for relative frequency (following observation) • Videotaping is not required (except for intervention purposes)
What Activities are Observed? • Free Play (4 minutes) • Book Reading (2 minutes) • Distraction Task (2 minutes) • Dressing (2 minutes)
Free Play • - ‘Whatever you & your child love to do together’ • Mail Free Play Getting Mail.mpg
Dressing: ‘What it’s like to get your child dressed’ Video Clip
Looking at Books: However you and child would like to use these books’ ‘ Looking at Books.wmvVideo Clip
Distraction Task ‘Please stay on the blanket with your child and keep child away from recorder’
IPCI Parent & Child Domains • Parental Caregiver Domains • Facilitators • Interrupters • Child Domains • Engagement • Distress
IPCI Child Domains Child Engagement • Positive Feedback • Sustained Engagement • Follow-Through Child Distress • Overwhelmed by negative affect (fussing, whining, crying, difficult-to-read signals) • Externalizing behavior (tantrum) • Frozen, Watchful, Withdrawn
Initial Scaling Up Efforts • Website • Funding from Early Head Start in KS and Mo to scale up use statewide • Funding from ACF to explore use of IPCI by programs and practitioners • Funding from OSEP to compare web-based versus in-person training
Use of Indicators Can Lead to Improvements in Intervention • Can help practitioners know more quickly when a change is necessary • Can help administrative staff understand when programs need improvements
Types of IPCI Reports • Interventionists and Supervisors • Assessor certification and use • Child and Family Background • Domain Reports • Essential Element Reports • Program Administrator • Agency Administrator
Uses for Interventionist Reports • Progress monitoring • Guiding intervention with families • Sharing data with parents • Reflective supervision • Mental health consultation
Uses for Program and Agency Administrator Reports • Reporting program staff involvement in progress monitoring • Reporting frequency of program monitoring and number of families involved • Reporting the difference in the number of children and parents whose interactions are at above benchmark following particular program-wide interventions • Reporting the difference in number of children and parents whose interactions are at or above benchmark at the end of a program as compared to at entry
Conclusion • We expect IPCIs will be useful to: • screen for high-risk dyads • monitor progress in dyadic interventions • We expect that stronger “interventionist-friendly” measures will lead to more effective interventions.