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Superconductivity in Electric Power Sector

CONTENTS. IntroductionTypes Of SCLTS vs HTSProperties Of SCEnergy ApplicationsConclusion. Introduction. Superconductors are broadly viewed as materials which have negligible resistance to the flow of electricity under low temperature conditions . The phenomenon of superconductivity was first

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Superconductivity in Electric Power Sector

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    1. Superconductivity in Electric Power Sector

    2. CONTENTS Introduction Types Of SC LTS vs HTS Properties Of SC Energy Applications Conclusion

    3. Introduction Superconductors are broadly viewed as materials which have negligible resistance to the flow of electricity under low temperature conditions . The phenomenon of superconductivity was first observed in mercury by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911 Discovery of High Temperature superconductors in 1986 reignited interest in superconducting Power application because of lower cooling costs.

    4. What is Superconductivity? Superconductivity is a phenomenon observed in several metals and ceramic materials. When these materials are cooled to temperatures ranging from near absolute zero ( 0 K, -2730 C) to liquid nitrogen temperatures ( 77 K, -1960 C), their electrical resistance drops with a jump down to zero. The temperature at which electrical resistance is zero is called the critical temperature (Tc)

    5. Types of Superconductors Used Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS) Ex- Nb3Sn,Nb3Ge High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) Ex- YBCO

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    7. Properties required for practical superconductors

    8. Applications Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Power Transmission Cable Transformers Fault Current Limiter Rotating Machines

    9. Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) SMES is a device for storing and instantaneously discharging large quantities of power. It stores electric energy in the magnetic field generated by DC current flowing through a coiled wire.

    10. Components Of SMES System Superconductor Coils Power Conditioning System Cryogenically Cooled Refrigerator Vacuum Vessel

    11. How Does It Work? Stores Electric Energy in Magnetic Field Superconductors have zero resistance to DC electrical current at low temperatures Very low Ohmic heat dissipation Energy stored within the coil is given by

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    14. Operation Of SMES System Transmission Voltage is reduced to several hundred Volts AC is converted into DC DC Voltage charges the Superconducting Coil The coil discharges and acts as a source of energy when AC Network requires power boost

    15. Advantages Of SMES Time Delay during charge and discharge is quite short Very High Power is available almost instantaneously Loss of power is less than other storage method High Reliability Environmental friendly and Highly efficient

    16. Power Transmission Cables Since 10% to 15% of generated electricity is dissipated in resistive losses in transmission lines, the prospect of zero loss superconducting transmission lines is appealing In prototype superconducting transmission lines at Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1000 MW of power can be transported within an enclosure of diameter 40 cm.

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    18. Transformers HTS Transformer have low losses Size and Weight are reduced by half. HTS Transformer are cooled by Cryo Coolers rather than dielectric flammable oil =>No Threat Of Fire hazards

    19. Fault Current Limiters HTS Current Limiters Protects against disturbances such as Power Surges due to Lightning or Accidents. HTS coils absorb excess energy due to large pulse of current within Milliseconds HTS Current Limiters can effectively Limit the Current spikes Circuit Breaker must handle.

    20. Rotating Machines Efficiency improvements near 1% Decreased size and weight for equivalent ratings Improved steady state and transient system performance Reduced life-cycle costs

    21. Other Applications MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Transportation (Maglev Trains) Military SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) E-Bombs

    22. Conclusion Further R&D is in progress to synthesize new materials which might attain superconductivity at even room temperatures Such an invention can truly revolutionize the modern world of electronics, power & transportation

    23. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_magnetic_energy_storage http://www.ornl.gov/ http://www.superconductorweek.com/

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