Methane Powered Heavy Duty Engine with Low Fuel Consumption and Euro VI Emission Compliance

Methane Powered Heavy Duty Engine with Low Fuel Consumption and Euro VI Emission Compliance X. Auvray1, N. Sadokhina1, G. Smedler2, U. Nylén3, M. Holmström4, Louise Olsson1 1Chalmers University of Technology,Chemical Engineering; Competence Center for Catalysis, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden 2Johnson Matthey AB, 421 31, VästraFrölunda, Sweden 3Scania CV AB, 151 87 Södertälje, Sweden 4AVL MTC Motortestcenter AB, Box 223, 13623, Haninge, Sweden

Methane Powered Heavy Duty Engine with Low Fuel Consumption and Euro VI Emission Compliance • The target for this project proposal is to address the problem of combining low energy-specific fuel consumption with low GHG and very low toxic emissions for a state-of-the-art CNG/CBG engine. • The project will support the introduction of renewable fuels for Euro VI vehicles. • Euro VI emissions will be met by engine tuning and by developing next generation of exhaust aftertreatment system for methane powered engines. • Reduction of CO2 emissions will be reduced by 10 %. • Catalyst model for methane exhaustsystem for both stoichiometric and mixed lean combustion • Project time: 2013-03-01 - 2015-08-30 • Program: Energy and Environment • Funded: 50% from The Swedish Energy Agency

Compressed Natural Gas as vehicle fuel • To decreasemineral oilconsumption • To decrease greenhouse gas and pollutants emissions

Compressed Natural Gas as vehicle fuel: emissions • Natural gas is mainlycomposedofmethane • Natural gas impuritycontent (ex: S) is low • CNG vehiclesemit less: • CO2 • NOx • Particulatematters (PM) • Volatile OrganicCompounds (VOC) • CNG vehiclesemitmethane (GHP= 23)

Natural gas vehicles: worldwide count Country Natural Gas Vehicles Refuelling Stations Date www.iangv.org

Catalyst preparation: The catalyst contains 3.2 wt.% of Pd and 0.6 wt.% Pt on 20 wt.% Ce-Al2O3 Support: 20 wt.% Ce-Al2O3 (S = 114 m2/g) calcined in air at 900 oC, 2 h; Ceramic monolith: 400 cpsi; l = 20 mm, d = 21 mm; Washcoat: 500 mg calcined in air, 600 oC, 2 h Catalytic activity measurement: Pretreatment: 1. ReductionT = 500 oC; 2% H2; Ar; 30 min 2. Lean/rich/lean cycle T = 700 °C Lean: 0,03% CO; 0,05% NO; 0,05% CH4; 8% O2; 5% H2O; Ar; 60 min Rich: 2% H2; 5% H2O; Ar; 20 min 3. Ageing T = 700 C; 8% O2; 5% H2O; Ar; 30 min Pre-treatment Ramp test 2; 3 1 Ramp test (Lean conditions): Heating/cooling cycle T = 150 - 700 oC; ramp = 5 °/min

Methane oxidation: simple gas composition Conditions: 0.05% CH4; 8% O2; Ar T = 150 - 700 oC; ramp = 5 °/min 24 oC

Methane oxidation: complex gas composition Inhibitingeffectof CO + NO: -Increaseof Eact -Increaseof T50 -Decreaseofhysteresisamplitude Conditions: 0.05% CH4; 8% O2; 0.03% CO; 0.05% NO; Ar T = 150 - 700 oC; ramp = 5 °/min

Reaction order calculation: complex gas composition Conditions: without H2O; 0.05% CH4; 0.05% NO; 0.03% CO; 8% O2; Ar T = 305 oC O2 treatment 700 - 305 oC O2 treatment 700 - 305 oC O2 treatment 700 - 305 oC 0 NO 60 O2 change CH4 change NO change CO change 50 40 0 CO 0 CH4 0 O2 100 ppm CH4 conversion (%) 30 200 ppm 100 ppm 12 % 0.14 % 800 ppm 20 1400 ppm 1100 ppm 10 0 0 120 240 360 480 720 840 1080 600 960 Time (min)

Kineticmodeling Reaction: CH4 + 2O2 CO2+ 2H2O Reaction rate: r= k [CH4]α [O2]β Rate constant: k=A exp(-Eact/(RT)) Build a model and implementkinetic parameters experimentallymeasuredtomodel experimental data

Kineticmodeling: global model Simple mixture: CH4 + O2 r= k [CH4]α [O2]β k=A exp(-Eact/(RT)) CH4conversion (%) Model Expheating Expcooling Inlet gas temperature (°C)

Acknowledgments Swedish Energy agency (FFI 37179-1) is greatfullyacknowledged for the financial support.

Methane Powered Heavy Duty Engine with Low Fuel Consumption and Euro VI Emission Compliance