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DESCRIBING TRENDS OR MOVEMENTS IN GRAPHS/CHARTS. How to describe graphs and charts:. TRENDS AND MOVEMENTS. upward trend (e.g. increase) stability (no change) (e.g. be stable) change of directions (e.g. recover) downward trend (e.g. fall) Language:
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TRENDS AND MOVEMENTS • upward trend (e.g. increase) • stability (no change) (e.g. be stable) • change of directions (e.g. recover) • downward trend (e.g. fall) Language: nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, time adverbials, sentence structure
Such language is widely used in business … • Britain’s economy grewATits slowest annual rate for 12 years in the second quarter. • A recent survey has reported the fastest-ever year-on-year sales decline. • Germany’s August sales fellfor the third month in a row. (for the third consecutive month)
Such language is widely used in business … • A plungeIN sales was recorded in America. • Consumer confidence is decliningsharply. • Wal-Mart’s sales increasedBY 0.2% TO $76.8 bn in the second quarter. • Tesco’s sales were up 14% TO₤18.8bn. (sales are up ≠ sales are down) • rising fuel costs / increasing household debt (falling...) (decreasing...)
increase rise growth decrease fall decline drop fluctuation increase rise, rose, risen grow, grew, grown decrease fall, fell, fallen decline drop, dropped, dropped fluctuate NOUN VERB
PREPOSITIONS • to rise from $1m to $2m • to increase (by) 100% • an increase of 100% • to fall from $2m to $1m • to decrease (by) 50% • a decrease of50% A rise in sales, a fall in profits, ... Sales are atlast year’s level.The price is at €2.5 per litre.
povećanje cijene od 15% povećati cijenu za 15% povisiti cijenu na 23,000 povisiti cijenu za 23,000 Cijena je na $2.3. An increase in the price of 15% (A 15% increase in the price) To increase the price by 15% To increase the price to 23,000 To increase the price by 23,000 The price is at $2.3. Translate (Reader):
PODRAVKA MAKES HRK21m PROFIT Podravka, the Koprivnica-based food producer, made a net profit 1........ HRK21m last year. The company’s total income increased 2......... 7.1 per cent reaching HRK2.4bn in 1997. This year, its first quarter income went up 3......... HRK631m, a rise 4......... 11 per cent. Last year, Podravka’s sales grew 5......... 7.56 per cent 6......... HRK2.3bn. They were 7......... HRK 596.5m in the first quarter of this year, an increase 8......... 12 per cent. (HINA, 1998)
PODRAVKA MAKES HRK21m PROFIT Podravka, the Koprivnica-based food producer, made a net profit (1)of HRK21m last year. The company’s total income increased (2)by7.1 per cent reaching HRK2.4bn in 1997. This year, its first quarter income went up (3)to HRK631m, a rise (4) of11 per cent. Last year, Podravka’s sales grew (5) by 7.56 per cent (6) toHRK2.3bn. They were (7) at HRK 596.5m in the first quarter of this year, an increase 8of 12 per cent. (HINA, 1998)
Verbs describing trends(Study next slide and fill in the chart)
Level off Rise Remain constant Hold steady Drop Reach a high Climb back Plunge Decline Fluctuate Reach a low Recover Reach a peak/Peak Falter Go up Increase Slump Boom Flatten out Escalate Stabilize Collapse Slip back Soar Rocket Crash Grow Fall Bottom out Pick up Go down Decrease Decline Verbs to use:
Intensity Adjectives and adverbs (MK p.185/186) e.g. • to rise suddenly/ a sudden rise in • to drop sharply / a sharp drop in • fall slightly / a slight fall in • to decrease moderately/ a moderate decrease in ...
Guidelines to describe a chart (Reader): • Describe the general trend e.g. A downward trend is noticed in the retail sales in 2005. • When did itpeak/reach a low? • Time: In what period...? For how long ....? e.g. in the period between March and June 2005, in the first quarter of 2005, in the second half of 2005, for three consecutive months... • How intensive/quick was the change?
