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13.1 Electrons and Chemical Bonds

Learn about the types of chemical bonds formed when atoms transfer or share electrons. Understand the concept of valence electrons and practice drawing Lewis dot diagrams.

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13.1 Electrons and Chemical Bonds

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  1. 13.1 Electrons and Chemical Bonds

  2. Chemical formulas A molecule’s chemical formula tells you the ratio of atoms of each element in the compound.

  3. Types of Chemical Bonds A chemical bond forms when atoms transfer or share electrons. Covalent bond: the bond formed when atoms share electrons

  4. Types of Chemical Bonds A chemical bond forms when atoms transfer or share electrons. Ionic bond: the bond formed when atoms transfer electrons to another atom Ion: an atom that has lost or gained electrons

  5. Why do chemical bonds form? Energy is released when chemical bonds form. Atoms form bonds to reach a lower energy state. Reactive: an element readily forms chemical bonds

  6. Valence Electrons Valence electrons: electrons in the outermost (highest) energy level with electrons in it Chemical bonds are formed only between the electrons in the highest unfilled energy level.

  7. Valence Electrons Practice Complete the chart below: N 7 5 O 8 6 F 9 7 Ne 10 8

  8. Valence Electrons – a trick

  9. Lewis Dot Diagrams A Lewis dot diagram shows the element symbol surrounded by dots representing the valence electrons. Example: To draw a Lewis dot diagram: • Determine the number of valence electrons • Write the symbol and add dots for valence electrons

  10. Valence Electrons Practice Now draw the Lewis dot diagrams: N 7 5 O 8 6 F 9 7 Ne 10 8

  11. Lewis Dot Diagrams EXIT SLIP Answer the following questions about phosphorous: • How many total electrons does phosphorous have? • How many valence electrons does phosphorous have? • What is the Lewis dot diagram for phosphorous?

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