Sexually Transmitted Diseases/ Infections

1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases/ Infections Mrs. Lauterback Mr. Keith 9thHealth http://www.plannedparenthood.org http://www,cdc.gov/std

2. Sexual Transmitted Infections/Diseases  STD’s are mainly transmitted by sexual intercourse (_____ ______, ______) or from the mother while she is pregnant, during the childbirth process or ________ ______.  Many STD’s can be cured completely with the correct medical treatment but there are some STD’s that are now ________ to treatment  If they are not treated properly ____________ can occur  Some STD’s are associated with _______and that is another reason why it is necessary to diagnose STD's correctly  There are over 19 million new infections each year with half of those infections between the ages of ___and _____  The cost to the United States economy is over 14.7 ______ dollars each year  You can be ________ again and again if both partners are not treated at the same time.

3. STD Scary Thoughts One in ____ sexually active persons will contract an STD by age 25. Condoms with spermicides will _____ protect people from all sexually transmitted diseases. Transmission of an STI _____ be prevented by washing the genital, urinating, and/or douching after sex. Any _____ discharge, sore, rash, especially in the groin area should be a sign to avoid having sex and to see a doctor. The estimated total number of people living in the US with a viral STD is over 65 _______. Less than half of adults ages ___ to ___ have ever been tested for an STD.

4. SYPHILIS Caused by a microscopic ______ organism called a spirochete. It has been around since early biblical times Spread: vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse, kissing, and to the _____ during pregnancy from the mother blood. Sharing needles with an infected person is also a way of getting the disease. Contact with an open sore with the bacteria can spread the disease.  Spirochetes are worm-like spiral- shaped organism that swims through bodily fluids. It burrows into the moist mucus covered linings of the mouth, genital or anus.  Spirochetes are clear so a ______ _________ microscope must be used to detect them in a culture.

5. Phases Of Syphilis  Symptoms Primary Syphilis: Chancre is a painless pimple like sores or open wet ulcer that often appears in three weeks but can appear between 9 to 90 days after infection. It usually appears where the spirochete entered the body The chancre lasts three to six weeks and heals without treatment. They appear on the genitals, the penis, scrotum, on the labia, in the vagina, on the cervix, lips, mouth, breast, or anus. Swollen glands may also occur during the primary. Kissing can spread this disease it it is in the mouth. Contact with an open sore or cut. Secondary Syphilis: Other symptoms often appear from three to six weeks after the chancre has disappeared. They may come and go for up to two years. They include itch less body rashes that last from two to six weeks on any part of the body — often on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. There are many other symptoms, including mild fever, fatigue, sore throat, hair loss, weight loss, swollen glands, headache, and muscle pains but will go away without treatment.

6. SYPHILIS Latent Phase: No symptoms. 2 years after infection. Often think they are cured. One-third of untreated people with syphilis suffer serious damage to the nervous system, heart, brain, or other organs, and death may result. Congenital syphilis is caused by an infected _______ during pregnancy. Greater risk of stillbirths, _____________ problems, deformity and death. Diagnosis and Treatment: _________ examination of fluid from sore, ____ tests, examination of spinal fluid. What is the problem with a blood test? 

7. Syphilis  Untreated, the syphilis bacteria can remain in the body for _____ and lead to disfigurement, neurologic disorder, or _______.  There are 35,000 new cases reported each year in the U.S. Women from 20 to 24 years old and men from 35 to 39 years old have the ______ number of cases. The number of cases is growing not decreasing.  Syphilis is especially contagious when sores are ______ early in the disease the clear _____ that oozes from them is very infectious with ___________.  ___partners can be successfully treated with _______ and other antibiotics — but damage caused by the disease in the later phases ______ be undone  As is true with other STD’s a person must not have ___ until they are cured.

8. Chlamydia  Most common STD, caused by several different microorganisms that are similar to bacteria. Three fourths of the women and half of the men have no symptoms (asymptomatic).  Symptoms - if they occur - will usually in 1 to 3 weeks  Male – unusual discharge of fluids from the penis, burning urination, itching and pain around the opening to the penis, swelling in genitals  Female – painful, burning, or frequent urination or vaginal discharge. Lower abdominal pain, nausea, fever, bleeding between periods and can spread to the rectum.  It can be found in the throat and rectum  Pregnant female will pass to baby during delivery causing premature births, eye infections and pneumonia.  Diagnosis / Treatment – sometimes difficult to diagnose but a urine test or a laboratory test is used. Antibiotics is a very effective cure.  Dangers when untreated  Nongonococcal urethritis  Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)- painful infection of fallopian tubes, ovaries or both and sterility.  Males epididymitis, scarring of urethra & vas deferens Leading to sterility

9. GONORRHEA Has many names but “The Clap” is most common Gonorrhea and Chlamydia often exist together One of the oldest known diseases Cannot be transmitted from toilet seats or door handles The bacteria can not exist out side the human body more than a few seconds There are currently over 1,000,000 women infected and 25% to 40% will also be infected with Chlamydia Condom do protect against infection and should be used during oral, anal and vaginal sexual intercourse There are new stains of gonorrhea that are resistant to treatment

10. Gonorrhea  Gonorrhea is a bacterium that grows in and multiplies in the male and female reproductive tract (cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and urethra. Ejaculation does not have to take place to cause and infection.  It can also infect the mouth, throat, eyes and anus.  Like all other STD’s a person can be re-infected again and again.  In men and women it can cause sterility, arthritis, and heart problems.  More than 700,000 Americans get gonorrhea every year.  In women, gonorrhea can cause pelvic inflammatory disease  During pregnancy, gonorrhea infections can cause premature labor and stillbirths, can be passed to child during child birth, and cause ectopic pregnancies.  Symptoms both Men and more often Women can be Asymptomatic  For women: frequent, often burning, urination; menstrual irregularities, pelvic or lower abdominal pain; pain during sex or pelvic examination; a yellowish or yellow green discharge from the vagina; swelling or tenderness of the vulva; and even arthritic pain. Over 50% of the women are asymptomatic .  For men: in 2 to 7 days a pus like discharge (green, yellow or white) comes from the urethra and painful urination, genital itching, bleeding & painful bowel movements.  Diagnosis and Treatment  Swabbing the infected site and then examination of the pus or culture (gram stain test), or urine test for both gonorrhea and Chlamydia.  Both partners can be successfully treated with antibiotics.( penicillin).They should be treated at the same time and take the medicine correctly.

11. Genital Herpes  At least one million people get herpes every year. Like many other viruses, HSV remains in the body for life. And like other sexually transmitted viruses, there are often no symptoms.  There are two forms of herpes — herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV- 1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2).  HSV 1 is most often associated with cold sores and fever blisters on the mouth.  HSV-2 is most often associated with genital sores. But both forms of herpes can infect the oral area, the genital area, or both.  Rarely, herpes may cause early pregnancy loss or stillbirth. If active herpes infections are present during childbirth, newborn infants may suffer serious health damage, including developmental disabilities and, rarely, death. Symptoms (if they occur)  a recurring rash with clusters of itchy or painful blistery sores appearing on the vagina, cervix, penis, mouth, anus, buttocks, or anywhere else on the body, painful ulcerations that occur when blisters break open

12. Genital Herpes  Symptoms (if they occur)  a recurring rash with clusters of itchy or painful blistery sores appearing on the vagina, cervix, penis, mouth, anus, buttocks, or anywhere else on the body, painful ulcerations that occur when blisters break open

13. Herpes (cont.) Symptoms (if they occur)  a recurring rash with clusters of itchy or painful blistery sores appearing on the vagina, cervix, penis, mouth, anus, buttocks, or anywhere else on the body, painful ulcerations that occur when blisters break open Management Program  Keep the sores dry and clean  Apply ice or ointments to reduce pain  Flush the urethral area during urination  Take aspirin for the pain  Warm baths but use a different towel to dry that area  Prescription medication Diagnosis and Treatment  Definitive diagnosis is possible by blood test or by laboratory culturing of fluid samples taken from the sores.  No cure. Symptoms can be relieved and the number of recurrences reduced with anti-herpes drugs.  Partners should refrain from sexual intimacy from the time they know the blisters are going to recur until seven days after the scabs have completely fallen off the healed sores

14. HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) Genital Warts  There are more than 100 different human papilloma viruses (HPVs). About 40 of these HPVs are genital and affect sexual and reproductive organs. A few cause genital warts, but most genital HPV infections are not visible and have no symptoms. Some of these cause cancer of the cervix, vulva, penis, anus, or vagina.  Every year, more than five million Americans are newly infected with genital HPVs — about 20 million women and men are now infected. Symptoms — if they occur Warts appear on the genitals, in the urethra, in the anus, or in the throat. Genital warts are soft to the touch, may look like miniature cauliflower florets, and often itch. Untreated can grow to block the openings of the vagina, anus, or throat

15. HPV (cont.)  It usually takes between three weeks and six months after infection for warts to develop.  HPVs spread vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse, intimate touching, very rarely to the fetus during childbirth  Diagnosis microscopic or computerized evaluation of tissue or fluid samples clinical evaluation of warts during a physical or gynecological exam Pap tests may reveal precancerous conditions caused by genital HPVs Treatment: No cure for HPV.

16. HPV (even more)  Genital Warts  Though they may recur, genital warts can be treated in a number of ways. They may be removed by carefully applying, and often reapplying, a prescription medication to the wart.  Clinicians offer other treatments, including application of acid, standard surgery, laser surgery (wart is destroyed with a laser beam), cryotherapy (wart is frozen off), injection of medication  Protection: Condoms reduce the risk of genital warts and cervical cancer, but the virus may "shed" beyond the area covered or protected by condoms.  Symptoms of cervical cancer include  abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially during intercourse  increased vaginal discharge  lower abdominal pain

17. Pubic Lice  Every year, millions of people treat themselves for pubic lice. These tiny insects are also called "crabs."  Common symptoms — if they occur  intense itching in the genitals or anus, mild fever, feeling run- down, irritability, lice or small egg sacs — nits — in pubic hair  itching usually begins five days after infestation. Some people don't itch and don't know they are infested  How pubic lice are spread  contact with infected bedding, clothing, upholstered furniture, and toilet seats  intimate and sexual contact  Self-diagnosis: Seen with the naked eye or with a magnifying glass, pubic lice look like tiny crabs. They are pale gray but darken in color when swollen with blood. They attach themselves and their eggs to pubic hair, underarm hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows. Their eggs are white and are deposited in small clumps near the hair roots.

18. Pubic Lice (cont.)  Treatment: Over-the-counter medication. Repeated head-to-toe applications may be necessary.  Pregnant and breastfeeding women, and infants must use products especially designed for them.  Everyone who may have been exposed to pubic lice should be treated at the same time. All bedding, towels, and clothing that may have been exposed should be thoroughly washed or dry cleaned, and the home should be vacuumed.  Protection: Pubic lice are highly contagious and there is no protection except for limiting the number of intimate and sexual contacts.

19. Scabies  The scabies is a parasitic mite burrows under the skin, lays eggs and uses the body for food and to deposit its waste.. It is microscopic and can not be seen with the naked eye. It is usually sexually transmitted. However, school children, hospital, institutions, child care facilities and nursing homes often pass it to one another where there is frequent ski-to-skin contact between people. It does not survive more than 72 hours off of a human host. Pets do not carry this form of scabies.  Common symptoms take 4 to 6 weeks to begin  intense itching — usually at night  small bumps or rashes that appear in dirty-looking, small curling lines, especially on the penis, between the fingers, on buttocks, breasts, wrists, thighs, toes and  Folds of skin on the wrists or knees  How scabies is spread  Usually prolonged close personal contact, contact with bedding, towels and clothing  Diagnosis: Although people can diagnose themselves by looking at the burrows or rash but diagnosis is often difficult. Microscopic examination of a skin scraping to look for mites, eggs or mite fecal matter or biopsy by a clinician is the only way to positive confirm a scabies infestation  Treatment: prescription medication  Repeated neck-to-toe applications may be necessary. Everyone who may have been exposed to scabies should be treated at the same time. All bedding, towels, and clothing that may have been exposed should be thoroughly washed or dry cleaned, and the home should be thoroughly vacuumed.  Protection: Scabies are highly contagious and there is no protection except for limiting the number of intimate and sexual contacts.

20. Trichomoniasis  "Trich" is a condition caused by a protozoan — a microscopic, one-cell animal. It is a common cause of vaginal infection. More than seven million Americans are infected with trichomoniasis every year.  Common symptoms — if they occur  frothy, often unpleasant-smelling discharge, itching in and around the vagina, blood spotting in the discharge, swelling in the groin, urinating more often than usual — often with pain and burning  Only rarely do men have symptoms. Sometimes women have no symptoms. It takes from three to 28 days for symptoms to develop.  How trichomoniasis is spread: vaginal intercourse; mutual masturbation; if fluids from one partner are passed to the genitals of the other  Diagnosis: microscopic examination of vaginal discharge  Treatment: Both partners can be successfully treated with drugs.  Protection: Condoms reduce the risk of infection with trich.