Questions? Comments?

1. Discuss calendar • Article list to be distributed on Tuesday (may have some readings on electronic reserve in future) – Data or theory? • Group reconfigurations? • Add to calendar: Grad article selection due 4/28/11 • Finish American Tongues • Application 1 • Some intro stuff Questions? Comments?

2. Socioling Slide 1 Sociolinguistics • Like Pragmatics, it’s the study of the use of language • The study of language in its social contexts • Speech community - group of people who share some set of social conventions (socioling norms) regarding language use - EXAMPLES? • Accent - pronunciation • Dialect - includes pronunciation (phonological/phonetic), but also includes grammatical, lexical and usage - MFL example • Some examples of homophones for some -- hock/hawk, caller/collar, cot/caught, calm/com, Don/Dawn

3. Socioling Slide 2 Sociolinguistics • Dialects in North America are mutually intelligible - the differences do not impede communication totally • Dialect continuum – go village by village, from northwestern France to southern Italy and each adjacent village can understand each other, although Parisians cannot understand Romans.

4. Socioling Slide 3 Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change • Social Factors: • REGION - what are the major dialects/accents spoken in America? • Sex/Gender • Social class • Age • Ethnicity • Style

5. Socioling Slide 5 Sociolinguistics - region • What are the different regional accents in your opinion?

6. Socioling Slide 6 Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change

7. Socioling Slide 7 Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change

8. Socioling Slide 9 Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change – cot vs. caught

9. Socioling Slide 11 Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change • There are many different varieties - what is correct?Standard English is just one of many different varieties • Linguistics try to describe these varieties and all the varieties are equal in linguistics terms • What would happen if I said that Standard English meant that you have to distinguish between cot~caught, tot~taught, hock~hawk, Don~dawn, collar~caller? How would that make you feel? • Are other dialects mutually intelligible – here some sounds here from the Northern Cities area: Northern Cities Shift (not #5)

10. Socioling Slide 10 Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change • Regional difference is post-vocalic r(car, card, guard, etc) • William Labov - NYC - listen to a New Yorker • Style – attitudes about varieties Remember this??? Coffee shop with a sign:“We’re sorry - no blended drinks today. The blender is broke.” This sign was in Portland area – where would you expect to see it (based on stereotypes – not your opinion if they’re real) [stereotypes based on class/education/income]

11. Socioling Slide 10b Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change • Style and ling change interacts with social class •  William Labov’s department store study

12. Socioling Slide 13* Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change • Regional difference by vowel production shifts (language change) over time • Northern Cities Shift (play Chicago sample - 3mins)

13. Socioling Slide 13 Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change • Regional difference by vowel production shifts (language change) over time • Northern Cities Shift (play Chicago sample - 3mins)

14. Socioling Slide 14* Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change • The Southern Shift (Play Arkansas 2mins; play Eng 3mins;

15. Socioling Slide 14 Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change • The Southern Shift (Play Arkansas 2mins; play Eng 3mins;

16. Socioling Slide 15 Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change • The California/Canada Shift (Play Cali - 1:45; Ontario 2:15)

17. Socioling Slide 15 Sociolinguistics • Linguistic variation and change • The California/Canada Shift (Play Cali - 1:45; Ontario 2:15)

18. For next time:Read Wardhaugh Ch 1 and Ch 2