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Aggression Unchecked: Failure of the League of Nations in World War II, 1929-1939

This article explores the events leading up to World War II, including the unchecked aggression of Germany, Japan, and Italy, as well as the failure of the League of Nations to prevent conflict. It discusses specific instances of aggression, such as the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and the Sino-Japanese War, the Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and Hitler's violation of the Versailles Treaty. The article also touches on the Spanish Civil War and the formation of the Axis Powers.

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Aggression Unchecked: Failure of the League of Nations in World War II, 1929-1939

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  1. World War II From Appeasement To War Failure Of The League Of Nations, 1929-1939

  2. Aggression Goes UncheckedGermany • Dictators made aggressive moves • The Allies were viewed as being “weak” Hitler Talking With A Child http://www.fpp.co.uk/Hitler/images/children/Inge_Terboven_on_Hitler.jpg

  3. Japanese & Italian Aggression

  4. Japanese AggressionManchuria, 1931 • Japan felt they should have a strong empire like the west • Japan invades northern province of China, Manchuria. • The United States refuses to sell oil, rubber, steel, and other war materials to Japan. • Japan withdrew from the League of Nations • Japan started the Sino-Japanese war and the West did nothing Japanese Propaganda Showing Manchurian Support For Manchukuo http://granitestudio.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Manchukuo-poster.jpg

  5. Japanese AggressionSino-Japanese War, 1937 Extent Of The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_HfjiE1BoIuI/ScHcRboqrCI/AAAAAAAAAJQ/tRLXur4OpPE/s400/greater_co.gif

  6. Japanese AggressionSino-Japanese War, 1937 • Rape of Nanking. • City in China that is totally destroyed by the Japanese. • The Japanese begin a policy of genocide, raping and massacring the inhabitants of the city. • One of the worst war tragedies ever, many Japanese people state that it never happened despite government documentation and pictures. Japanese Soldier Executing A Child http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/12.12.96/gifs/china2-9650.jpg

  7. Japanese AggressionSino-Japanese War, 1937 Baby Abandoned At Nanking Railroad Station http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/shanghai-baby.jpg On The Steps Of Nanking City Hall http://www.gendercide.org/images/pics/womencld.jpg

  8. Japanese AggressionSino-Japanese War, 1937 Bayonet Practice http://www.independentaustralia.net/Wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/nanking_massacre_Rape_of_nanking_killing_chinese_practice.jpg Dark Humor After Nanking: His Last Cigarette http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Chinese_head,_Nanking_massacre.JPG

  9. Japanese AggressionSino-Japanese War, 1937 Trophy Heads After Nanking http://www.documentingreality.com/forum/attachments/f181/161044d1272756412-rape-nanking-china-december-1937-massacreheads3.jpg

  10. Japanese AggressionSino-Japanese War, 1937 Dead Toddlers & Babies After Nanking http://www.someworthwhilequotes.com/images/graphics/murchildren1.jpg

  11. Italian AggressionInvasion Of Ethiopia, 1935 • Italian tanks and troops quickly overrun the smaller nation. • Emperor Hailie Selassie asked the League for help. • The League refuses to send troops; the League imposes weak economic and trade sanctions. (Sanctions – Penalties_ • The outdated weapons were no match for Mussolini’s Tanks, machine guns, poison gas, and airplanes. Emperor Hailie Selassie Addressing The League Of Nations http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/Selassie__Halie.jpg

  12. Hitler Going Against the Grain • Hitler rebuilt the military • He sent troops into the “demilitarized” Rhineland's bordering France (violation of Versailles) • The Western nations adopted appeasement- a policy of giving in to the demands of the aggressor to keep the peace. • No one want to fight Germany (The Great Depression had zapped all of the energy from West • Pacifism- opposition to all war push countries to look for peace. • The West was viewed as being weak!!!!!

  13. Ways to Keep the Peace • The U.S. passed The neutrality Acts- • - forbid the sale of arms/weapons to warring countries • Outlawed loans to warring countries • Prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of warring nations

  14. Formation Of The Axis Powers • Due to the weakness of the Allies Germany, Italy and Japan formed The Rome- Berlin-Tokyo Axis • They agreed to fight • Soviet communism and they agreed not to interfere in one another’s plans to gain more territory. Map Of The Height Of Axis Conquests http://www.public.iastate.edu/~cfford/Axispowers1942.jpg

  15. Spanish Civil War

  16. Spanish Civil WarFrancisco Franko • Spain collapsed into a civil war • The govt. took land and privileges from the Church and old ruling class • Conservatives (backed by the military) REJECTED CHANGE!! • Franko, a conservative, led a revolt into a bloody civil war. Hitler and Mussolini helped Franco by sending armed forces • The Soviet Union sent troops to fight fascism • Britain, France, and the U.S. remained neutral General Franco http://donswaim.com/images/franciscofranco.gif

  17. Spanish Civil WarFebruary 1936 • Both sides committed horrible atrocities • Over 500,000 Spaniards would die in three years. • Franco would win, establishing a totalitarian, fascist-style regime. Destruction In The S.C.W. http://pix.avaxnews.com/avaxnews/09/1c/00001c09_medium.jpeg

  18. One of the worst atrocities was committed on Guernica, a small Spanish market town • German planes dropped loads of bombs and swooped down low to machine gun anyone who survived the bombs • Nearly 1,000 innocent civilians were killed • This was an experiment (dress rehearsal) of what modern warfare could do

  19. Spanish Civil WarWorld War II’s Dress Rehearsal • Germany & Italy. • Both send troops, war materials, and money to support Franco. • Trained troops and tested weapons for the upcoming conflict. The Nazi Condor Legion “Volunteers” http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_rqH4fUbko2U/TEgfo2n6o-I/AAAAAAAARQE/nRa8ufXX7iw/s1600/Stuka.jpg

  20. Spanish Civil WarFebruary 1936 Picasso’s Guernica http://homepage.mac.com/dmhart/WarArt/Picasso/Guernica/Guernica.JPG

  21. Germany: Domestic Aggression

  22. German Aggression • March 1938, the Anschluss is formed, the union between Austria and Germany. • Austria’s chancellor (prime minister) refused so Hitler sent troops in to keep order. Austrian Giving The Nazi Salute After The Anschluss http://www.mimifroufrou.com/scentedsalamander/i/Anschluss_tears.jpg

  23. German Int’L. Aggression1935-1938: Germany Reclaims Territory • Hitler turns to Czechoslovakia • September, 1938, the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia is pressured into allowing the Germans in the area to reunite with Germany. • Allies did nothing to help Sudetenland Importance http://www.destination-munich.com/images/sudetenland-map-munich-agreement.jpg

  24. Munich CrisisClimax Of Appeasement • Hitler begins to make threats against Poland. • France and Britain finally decide that this was the last straw. Czechoslovakia After Munich https://www2.bc.edu/~heineman/maps/cs1.jpg

  25. Munich CrisisClimax Of Appeasement • Munich Conference. • Hitler Britain and France chose peace. Hitler tricks the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain into believing that he only wanted peace. • “Peace with honor….peace for our time.” • Appeasement wins again, allowing Hitler more of an opportunity. • British Politician Winston Churchill “They chose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor; they will have war.” Chamberlain’s “Peace With Honor” Speech http://www.toytowngermany.com/munich/chamberlain-munich-conference-1938.jpg

  26. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression PactMolotov-Ribbentrop Pact • Signed by Hitler and Stalin, stunned the world. • Nazis and communists were agreeing not to attack each other. • Neither side actually believed that they would hold up to the bargain. • France and Britain essentially lose a potential ally with no second front. Signing The molotov-Ribbentrop Pact http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/MolotovRibbentropStalin.jpg/250px-MolotovRibbentropStalin.jpg

  27. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression PactMolotov-Ribbentrop Pact • Secret protocol agreement. • Divided Poland between Germany and Russia. • Germany and Russia begin to send divisions to Poland. Secret Protocol http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/thumb/4/4c/Ribbentrop-Molotov.svg/750px-Ribbentrop-Molotov.svg.png

  28. The Beginning Of World War IISeptember 1, 1939 • German armies and warplanes invade Poland. • September 3, France and Britain declare war on Germany. World War II begins. Nazi Troops Tearing Down A Polish Border Checkpoint http://www.spiegel.de/img/0,1020,762371,00.jpg

  29. Domestic Aggression In GermanyConcentration Camps Established • Camps for imprisonment of men, women, and children considered dangerous, a threat, or racially impure by the Nazis. • Were used as slave labor for factories and farms near the camps. • Nazi propaganda called them internment and reeducation centers. • Became killing and testing areas. • Nazi doctors would test new drugs, medical techniques, biological weapons, and pain threshold. Bergen-Belsen http://www.annefrankguide.net/en-gb/content/bergen-belsen-overview.jpg

  30. The Beginning Of World War IISeptember 1, 1939 Hitler & Stalin Standing Over Poland’s Dead Body https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-J1eeI-XD_8o/TXD2IBrGQnI/AAAAAAAAGX0/s4OVng5dPb0/germany-invades-poland-cartoon-002.jpg

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