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Points of Conflict: The Focus of History

Points of Conflict: The Focus of History. Wilson v. Clemenceau. Characters: Wilson was Pres. of U.S. and Clemenceau was Premier of France.

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Points of Conflict: The Focus of History

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  1. Points of Conflict: The Focus of History

  2. Wilson v. Clemenceau Characters: Wilson was Pres. of U.S. and Clemenceau was Premier of France. Conflict: They came into conflict on plans for peace, specifically whether a lenient or harsh settlement would provide better foundation for lasting peace. Time: 1919 Place: Paris Peace Conference Issues: Included treatment of Germany, reparations, world peace, and French security. Impact: Wilson’s idealism represented by the 14 Points was reduced to the League of Nations, which the U.S. did not join. The peace treaty set conditions that led to World War II

  3. Bismarck v. Napoleon III Characters: Bismarck was chief minister of Prussia; Napoleon III was emperor of France Conflict: Franco-Prussian War of German unification Time: 1870 Place: France and Prussia Issues: Bismarck’s intentional war France in order to gain the voluntary cooperation of southern German states in a unified Germany dominated by Prussia. Impact: The war led to German unification, cost Napoleon III his throne, reshaped the European power structure, and laid the seeds of World War I

  4. Lenin v. Kerensky Characters: Lenin was a communist; Kerensky was a moderate Socialist Conflict: Battled for control of Russian government Time: 1917 Place: St. Petersburg Issues: Russian continuation in World War I and the direction of the Russian Revolution. Impact: Kerensky’s attempt to carry on the war and quell revolution failed. As a result, Lenin used the revolution to propel the Bolsheviks to power with promises of “Peace, Bread, and Land”

  5. Galileo v. Pope Urban VII Characters: Galileo was an inventor who used his telescope to prove the Copernican theory of the universe; Pope Urban VII was the head of the Church Conflict: Galileo ran into trouble with the pope when he too openly lampooned the earlier work of Aristotle and Ptolemy and defended the writings of Copernicus. He was tried for heresy before the Inquisition and sentenced to prison Time: 1624 Place: Italy Issues: Science and church doctrine Impact: Galileo later recanted his views. His example indicated the degree to which the Church was out of step with the emerging scientific society

  6. Frederick the Great v. Maria Theresa Characters: Frederick the Great was king of Prussia; Maria Theresa was Empress of Austria Conflict: They battled for power Time: Mid-18th century Place: German states Issues: Who would be dominant among the German states Impact: Frederick’s success in taking Silesia led to the emergence of Prussia as the dominant state and began the long slide of Austria.

  7. Luther v. Charles V Characters: Luther was a disenchanted Catholic monk; Charles V was emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Conflict: Luther was critical of practices of the Catholic Church; Charles V supported the Church Time: 1520s Place: HRE Issues: Religious controversy which evolved into a war (Schmalkaldic League) over unity of the empire Impact: Victory for Lutheranism and the end of religious unity in the Germanic states

  8. Oliver Cromwell v. Charles I Characters: Cromwell was the leader of the Roundheads; Charles I was king from 1625-1649 Conflict: English Civil War Time: 1642-1649 Place: England Issues: Religion, the nature of the Anglican Church, and the authority of the monarch Impact: As a result of the Civil War, Charles I was beheaded and Cromwell established a Puritan dictatorship which persecuted members of the Anglican Church

  9. Truman v. Stalin Characters: Truman was Pres. of the U.S.; Stalin was dictator of the Soviet Union Conflict: Security and world dominance in the Cold War after World War II. Time: 1945-1953 Place: Eurasia Issues: Both superpowers struggled for military supremacy, global mastery, and support for their political and economic ideologies. Impact: Cold War led to an emphasis on military buildups, defense alliances, propaganda, fear of nuclear holocaust, and the emergence of two camps trying to enlarge their world following by gaining Third World converts

  10. Philip II v. Elizabeth I Characters: Philip II was king of Spain; Elizabeth I was Queen of England Conflict: Power struggle when Philip tried to depose Elizabeth and stamp out Protestantism in England. Time: 1588 Place: England Issues: Philip’s plan was ruined when the Spanish Armada was sighted off the coast of England and destroyed by the English navy. Impact: Misuse of New World wealth, solidification of Elizabeth’s position on the throne, and the beginning of Spanish decline in power

  11. Hitler v. Chamberlain Characters: Hitler was German dictator; Chamberlain was British Prime Minister Conflict: Chamberlain’s attempt to understand Hitler’s aim for a Greater Germany led to his agreement on appeasement Time: 1938 Place: Munich Conference (Germany) Issues: Incorporating all Germans into a German national state, justification for Hitler’s complaints, and a desire to keep the peace Impact: Hitler’s contempt for Britain and further aggression that led to World War II

  12. Metternich v. Mazzini Characters: PrinceMetternich was Austria’s foreign minister; Mazzini was the founder of Young Italy Conflict: Clashed over Metternich’s attempt to retain the status quo to preserve the multinational Habsburg Empire Time: 1815-1848 Place: Italy Issues: Intense nationalistic fervor among Italians dedicated to removing Austria from Italy to achieve Italian national unity Impact: The conflict led to the revolutions of 1848 where Metternich lost his position of as Minister of State Mazzini failed to achieve Italian unification because of military suppression

  13. Louis XIV v. William of Orange Characters: Louis XIV was king of France; William of Orange was a Dutch prince Conflict: Balance of power Time: Late 17th century Place: Netherlands Issues: Louis XIV attempted to become the Universal Monarch while William tried to preserve the Grand Alliance and the balance of power. The War of Spanish Succession in the early 18th century led to an attempt to restore the balance of power Impact: Louis XIV did not achieve a universal monarchy; however, he did appoint a Bourbon to the throne of Spain, provided Spain never united with France under the same monarch. Britain acquired the asiento which provided a monopoly over the African slave trade

  14. Closing Tasks Put the conflicts into chronological order • Luther v. Charles V • Philip II v. Elizabeth I • Galileo v. Pope Urban VII • Cromwell v. Charles I • Louis XIV v. William of Orange • Metternich v. Mazzini • Frederick the Great v. Maria Theresa • Bismarck v. Napoleon III • Lenin v. Kerensky • Wilson v. Clemenceau • Hitler v. Chamberlain • Truman v. Stalin

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