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Enzymes

Enzymes. Brief introductory enzyme video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTQybDgweiE Goofy video on how enzymes work: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTUm-75-PL4. What Are Enzymes?. Most enzymes are Proteins ( tertiary and quaternary structures)

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Enzymes

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  1. Enzymes

  2. Brief introductory enzyme video: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTQybDgweiE • Goofy video on how enzymes work: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTUm-75-PL4

  3. What Are Enzymes? • Most enzymes are Proteins (tertiary and quaternary structures) • Act as Catalyst to accelerate a reaction • Not permanently changed in the process

  4. Enzymes • Are specific for what they will catalyze • AreReusable • End in –ase -Sucrase -Lactase -Maltase

  5. How do enzymes Work? Enzymes work by lowering activation energy which speeds up a reaction

  6. Enzymes Without Enzyme With Enzyme Free Energy Free energy of activation Reactants Products Progress of the reaction

  7. Enzyme-Substrate Complex Enzyme The substance (reactant) an enzyme acts on is the substrate Joins Substrate

  8. Active Site Enzyme • A restricted regionof an enzyme molecule which binds to the substrate. Active Site Substrate

  9. Induced Fit • A change in the shape of an enzyme’s active site • Induced by the substrate

  10. Induced Fit Active Site substrate Enzyme induced fit • A change in the configuration of an enzyme’s active site (H+ and ionic bonds are involved). • Induced by the substrate.

  11. What Affects Enzyme Activity? • Three factors: 1. Environmental Conditions 2. Cofactors and Coenzymes 3. Enzyme Inhibitors

  12. 1. Environmental Conditions 1. Extreme Temperature are the most dangerous - high tempsmay denature (unfold) the enzyme. 2. pH (most like 6 - 8 pH near neutral) 3. Ionic concentration (salt ions)

  13. 2. Cofactors and Coenzymes Inorganic substances (zinc, iron)andvitamins (respectively) are sometimes needed for proper enzymatic activity. • Example: Iron must be present in the quaternary structure-hemoglobin in order for it to pick up oxygen. Other enzymes are sometimes needed to activate another enzyme.

  14. Our food is made up of: • Carbohydrates: Bread, Pasta, Potato • Protein: Meat, Nuts, Lentils • Fats: Butter, Milk Our body needs to digest them – turn them into a form that can be absorbed into the blood and used by cells. Enzymes make this possible. Enzyme video/animation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1ryDVgx0zw

  15. Enzymes that work on carbohydrates: Salivary Amylase + Starch  Maltose (in saliva) (in pasta, bread (a form of sugar that carbohydrate) can be absorbed by the body )

  16. Enzymes that work on Proteins: Protease + Proteins  Amino Acids (in stomach) (eg. In meat, nuts) (the body can absorb them and use them)

  17. Enzymes that work on Fats: Lipase + Fats  Fatty Acids + Glycerol (secreted by pancreas) (Butter, Milk) (can be absorbed into body)

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