In your groups, consider and document idea(s) on your notes page:

1. In your groups, consider and document idea(s) on your notes page: How can you fight someone without using violence against them? essential questions: What was the Cold War?

2. two superpowers emerged from WWII: the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. vs. At Yalta, from left to right: Churchill, FDR, Stalin; meetings at Yalta and Potsdam would see Stalin make false promises for free elections in Eastern Europe and Germany divided.

3. cooperation through the United Nations, an international organization for peace, would not work because… painting of signing of the United Nations Charter in San Francisco in 1945 official symbol of the U.N.

4. ...each side had veto power on the Security Council The five permanent members and the ten rotating members of the Security Council resolve disputes at this horseshoe table.

6. method of maintaining and extending power: containment— plan to contain communism in the world the Marshall Plan— plan to use economic aid to keep communism out of Europe satellite states—independent nations of Eastern Europe that the Soviet Union controls by force vs.

7. military alliance to provide collective security: NATO— military alliance formed to keep the Soviet Union from expanding (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Warsaw Pact— military alliance formed in 1955 of the Soviet Union and its satellite states vs.

8. Label West Germany, East Germany, and Berlin on the map. • Label the Soviet Union on the map. • Color the communist countries on the map red. • Trace the iron curtain, the line that divided communist Eastern Europe from Western Europe. Europe after WWII (WWII ended 1945) Atlantic Ocean Soviet Union Berlin East Germany West Germany

9. essential question: Did containment work in the first three confrontations of the early Cold War—the Berlin Airlift, the Chinese Civil War, and the Korean War?

10. The Berlin Airlift • Soviet Union blockades West Berlin to get control of the city • U.S. airlifts supplies in to keep West Berlin independent and democratic

11. While West Germany’s economy grew, East Germany struggled with poverty during the Cold War.

12. Chinese Civil War (“loss of China”): • U.S.-backed Nationalists lose to Soviet-backed Communists (Nationalists) Taiwan

13. China remains communist today, but has improved relations with the U.S. as it has allowed some capitalism over time.

14. The Korean War • Communist North Korea attacks South Korea • Soviet Union aids North; United Nations police action to protect South led by U.S. • borders eventually return to roughly the same as before the war

15. Why else was the Korean War important in American history?

16. Kim Jong-Il, current North Korean leader and son of the founder of North Korea is eccentric at best and crazy at worst.

17. consider: Have you ever pushed something too far before you realized that it was a bad idea in the first place? essential question: How did the Eisenhower and JFK expand the 1950s and 1960s Cold War?

18. Instead of working for peace and cooperation, Eisenhower becomes president and pushes the stakes higher in the Cold War. brinkmanship – belief that only by going to the brink of war could the U.S. protect itself against communist aggression Discuss the potential costs and benefits of this policy in your groups.

19. How Eisenhower expanded the scope of the Cold War: • used the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to spy on foreign countries and to secretly remove those that were unfriendly to the U.S.

20. continued the arms race to ensure we had more advanced weapons than the Soviets

21. Just a few years after the United States developed the atomic bomb, the U.S.S.R. successfully tested one. Many people blamed the Soviet support of China and Korea on the fact that they were no longer intimidated by U.S. technology. vs. Nikita Kruschev led the USSR after Stalin from 1953-1964. Dwight Eisenhower was President of the U.S. from 1952-1960.

22. The Fat Man mushroom cloud resulting from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rises 18 km (11 mi, 60,000 ft) into the air from the hypocenter. Complete the chart by filling in any blanks for each new technology (US or USSR). • atomic bomb (1945) • atomic bomb (1949)

23. hydrogen bomb (1952) • hydrogen bomb (1953) 1 = Fat Man (dropped on Nagasaki) 2 = h-bomb

24. nuclear subs (1954, able to fire nuclear warheads by the 1960s) A nuclear subroc missile being fired from an underwater nuclear sub The first nuclear sub, the Nautilus, commissioned in 1954

25. USSR launched the first satellite, Sputnik, beginning the space race in 1957 Sputnik transmission

26. intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) capable of delivering nuclear warheads (1957) • ICBMs (1957, after the USSR and less accurate)

27. USSR shot down US U-2 spy plane in 1960, embarrassing the US and limiting US ability to spy on USSR U-2 spy plane similar to the one that Francis Gary Powers flew

28. While the United States had more big bombs, the Soviet Union had more missile technology to deliver bombs in the 1950s. The end result is mutually assured destruction.

29. Who do you think was winning the arms race by 1960? Why? What do you think is the scariest part of living during the arms race? Why?

30. The Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) • Kennedy goes ahead with CIA plan to use CIA-trained Cuban rebels to lead overthrow of Castro Kennedy giving inauguration address in 1961 Fidel Castro and Nikita Kruschev

31. 1961: invasion fails miserably, this attempt to overthrow a foreign government making America and Kennedy look bad

32. The Berlin Wall (1961-1989) • Soviets build this around the city of West Berlin to keep citizens of communist countries from escaping to the West

33. symbol of Cold War until torn down in 1989

34. The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) • this is the closest the Cold War gets to nuclear war

35. U.S. discovers Soviet missile bases on Cuban soil

36. negotiation that ends crisis: U.S. removes navy and pledges not to invade Cuba in exchange for Soviet removal of missiles

37. effects: Kennedy seen as a hero, scare of nuclear war leads to more communication between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R., and the Limited Test Ban Treaty limited nuclear testing to underground A phone like this one connected the White House directly to the Kremlin. This is the only type of nuclear testing allowed under the Limited Test Ban Treaty.

38. Answer the following, including mention of terms from these notes: Was JFK a good Cold War President? Why or why not?

39. U.S., U.S.S.R., both, or Chuck Norris? rules: When a picture appears, be the first team to write which category is shown. For an additional point, tell which term or whose name best relates to the picture. If you miss the term, the first team to write and hold up the correct term for a point.

42. U.S. aid per nation