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The October Manifesto

October Manifesto (1905). Tsar promises Russia will have:- A representative assembly:The Duma (Parliament) which would make and approve new laws and have some role in government. - Freedom of speech- Freedom of assembly (allowed to form trade unions for workers)- F

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The October Manifesto

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    1. The October Manifesto October 1905 Following Witte’s advice the Tsar compromises to buy time and save Tsarism.

    2. October Manifesto (1905) Tsar promises Russia will have: - A representative assembly: The Duma (Parliament) which would make and approve new laws and have some role in government. - Freedom of speech - Freedom of assembly (allowed to form trade unions for workers) - Freedom of worship - A written constitution (a set of rules for its government)

    3. The Fundamental Laws 23rd April 1906 The Tsar’s Plan for the Government of Russia after the 1905 Revolution.

    4. The Fundamental Laws (April 1906) The Tsar is the supreme autocrat of Russia. The Duma will be made up of two Houses: - an elected assembly (1905 Electoral Law). - The State Council – appointed by the Tsar. Laws made by the agreement of both Houses. The Tsar can veto any Duma legislation and make laws without the Duma’s approval. The Tsar calls and dissolves the Duma when he chooses. (It only meets when he wants it to.) The Tsar chose to not call these new laws a ‘constitution’ .

    5. Results Enough of the army had returned from Manchuria by December 1905 to crush the ‘Moscow Uprising’ of workers led by Bolsheviks – large sections of the city were bombarded and thousands of arrests were made – this was the last major public disturbance of the 1905 Revolution. Any remaining isolated peasant unrest (land seizures) was crushed with similar brutality in the months that followed. Sergei Witte resigned on 22nd April 1906. He was Russia’s first Prime Minister and Nicholas II’s most talented administrator: the driving force behind the ‘Great Spurt’; the negotiator of the Treaty of Portsmouth (August 1905) which had ended the war with Japan; the proponent of the October Manifesto which had saved the Tsar and the organiser of a massive foreign loan to the Russian government from France in 1906. The Tsar replaced him with Peter Stolypin: he believed in repression and reform! The power of the Duma was limited from the start. (The 1905 Electoral Law meant the electoral system was complicated, confusing and favoured the traditional elite classes in Russia (landowners, St. Petersburg & Moscow (centres of power)) This system was tightened again with the 1907 Electoral Law – 1% of the population (mainly rich landowners) chose 300 of the 442 MPs.)

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