11-12/13 Warm Up:

1. 11-12/13 Warm Up: Can an institution (church, school, organization) be corrupt but at the same time make valuable contributions to society? Turn in one 12 oz. can of food for the NGHS food bank and receive 10 late work passes. Two can max.

2. Objective: • I will be able to analyze why societies separate church and state by comparing the U.S. to Feudal Europe. • Language Objective: I need help with this!

3. Quick Review • Everyone owed loyalty to the ________. • _______ were really the most powerful. They got _______ from the king. • Lesser nobles (knights) gave _________ _________ in return for land. • _______ were bound to the land. They worked in return for ____________. • __________ were skilled workers. They paid rent to the ______ and were free to move if they wanted to.

4. Check Your Answers! • Everyone owed loyalty to the king. • Nobles were really the most powerful. They gotlandfrom the king. • Lesser nobles (knights) gave military servicein return for land. • Serfs were bound to the land. They worked in return for protection. • Freemenwere skilled workers. They paid rent to thenoblesand were free to move if they wanted to.

5. Ancient Rome Evolved and Changed • 330 C.E. the emperor Constantine moved his capital to the ancient city of Byzantium the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. He renamed the city New Rome • Later is was called Constantinople • Today it is known as Istanbul, Turkey. • Referred to in History as Byzantine Empire

6. Western Rome • After Constantine's reign power was divided between two emperors, one in Rome and one in Constantinople. • In 476 last emperor in Western Rome was dethroned. Germanic tribes created feudal Europe.

7. Rise of the Roman Catholic Church • Christianity began to spread in Ancient Rome • Initially, Romans persecuted Christians for their beliefs, yet religion continued to spread • By 395 C.E. Christianity became the recognized religion of the Roman Empire.

8. From 590 to 1517, the Roman Catholic Church dominated the western world. • The Roman Catholic Church controlled religion, philosophy, morals, politics, art and education.

9. Church Became Extremely Powerful! • By 1200s, the church was a leading landowner and the wealthiest institution in Europe • Land was obtained by gifts from monarchs and lords • Land was taken by force • Wealth was obtained through the tithe

10. Church as Community Center • Roman Catholic Churches outlasted many Kingdoms due to warfare. • Church was one of the fewsources of leadership and stability that people relied on. • Became one of medieval Europe’s most powerful and enduring institutions. • Medieval church had broad political power, performed many government functions.

11. Role Of The Church in Everyday Life After the collapse of Western Roman Empire, the church became the center of medieval life. • Bells called people to worship and warned of dangers. • Service was held several times of day. • Town meetings, plays, concerts • At times, distributed food • The square in front of the church was community hub: • Farmers sold produce • Markets • Festivals • Fairs • Provided Education for some • Helped poor and the sick

12. Power in Belief • People looked to the church to explain world events: storms, disease and famine were thought to be punishments from god. • Prayer and religious devotion were thought to prevent world events.

13. Sacraments and Salvation • Person must live a moral life and follow the church’s teachings to gain entry to heaven through salvation. • Receiving the 7 sacraments was essential to gaining salvation. • Sacraments were sacred rites that gave a person blessings from God. • If you did not obey the church you could be Excommunicated (deprived Of membership in the church).

14. More reasons to obey: Church developed: • Their own courts • Canon laws: governed religious teachings, the clergy, marriages, and morals. • Interdict: excommunication of the kingdom, region, or town due to rulers being disobedient. Heretic person who hold Beliefs that are contrary To the teachings of the church. Jan Hus, a Bohemian preacher declared a heretic by the Church. Burned at the stake in 1415.

15. Monasteries governed by Benedictine Rule: • Gave hospitality to refugees and travelers. • Copied and preserved old texts • Monasteries and missionaries brought in new converts to Christianity. • Monks and nuns served God through fasting, prayer, and self-denial.

16. Power Rank of Clergy Supreme Head of Church Pope Cardinals Appointed by the Pope, advisor to the Pope Oversaw large or important areas called archdioceses Archbishops Bishops Governed Dioceses Priests Parishes were governed by priests

17. Role of Pope Pope held supreme authority; head of ecclesiastical courts; power to excommunicate Galileo in front of the Inquisition, 12 April 1633

18. Cardinals Powerful clergy; advised pope on legal and spiritual matters Raphael, Portrait of a Cardinal, 1510-12 Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi, Raphael 1518

19. Archbishops Archbishops managed a group of several dioceses called an archdiocese The chief diocese in a province. To help things run smoothly, one bishop in each province has seniority. He's an archbishop and his diocese is an archdiocese.

20. Bishops • Kings or nobles selected bishops based on family connections or political power. • Managed a diocese; performed sacraments of confirmation and holy orders

21. Priests Directly served people in parish; administered five of the seven sacraments

22. Power Struggle between Church and Monarchs Church leaders were feudal lords and political advisors; popes held political and spiritual power over monarchs

23. Pope Gregory VII Pope Gregory VII, though unpopular, initiated many reforms for the church. These reforms became known as the Gregorian reforms. Pope Gregory Stated: The Church was founded by God Alone The pope alone can with right be called universal. The pope alone can depose or reinstate bishops The pope’s name alone can be spoken in churches The pope may depose of emperors The pope may be judged by no one The Roman Church has never erred; nor will it err to all eternity, the Scripture bearing witness.

24. Legend of Emperor Relenting… • Roman Emperor IV was angry at the new reforms refused to obey. • Pope excommunicates Henry. • Henry begs for mercy, legend has it he stood in the snow for 3 days before Gregory relented

25. AN AWFUL WAY TO DIE!

26. Exit Ticket (scrap paper!) As per the first Amendment of U.S. Constitution [the main governing laws of America], consider the separation between church and state in the United States [the church & gov’t simply don’t mix. They are and shall remain separate]. 1. Why the separation of power? 2. Is it a good idea or not?