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Survey of Microorganisms

Survey of Microorganisms. Virus Bacteria Cyanobacteria Algae Fungi protozoa. Internal cell structure of bacteria. Superkingdom Eukaryotes Kingdom Protista Branch protophyta (Plant like protist) algae

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Survey of Microorganisms

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  1. Survey of Microorganisms Virus Bacteria Cyanobacteria Algae Fungi protozoa

  2. Internal cell structure of bacteria

  3. SuperkingdomEukaryotes Kingdom Protista Branch protophyta (Plant like protist) algae Branch protomycota (fungus like protists) slime mold Branch Protozoa (animal like protists) amoeba

  4. Internal cell structure of a Eukaryotic organism

  5. The electron micrographs of representatives

  6. Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia

  7. Phylogenetic Tree

  8. Summary of major differentiating features between Eubacteria, Archaebacteria and Eukaryotes

  9. BACTERIA • Typical prokaryotes. • Three shapes: cocci, bacilli and spiral • Can be autotroph or heterotroph Autotroph: photoautotroph or chemoautotroph Heterotroph: parasite or saprophyte • According to Gram stain: G+ or G- • Type of reproduction: binary fission • Some genetic material transfer: • transformation, transduction and conjugation

  10. Bacterial morphologies

  11. Bacterial morphologies

  12. Bacterial morphologies

  13. Bacterial morphologies

  14. Cyanobacteria • Blue green algae, in both fresh and marine water. • A typical procayrotic living organism • Autotroph, photosynthesis machinery is very similar to higher plants. • No chloroplast, have chlorophyll and other pigments such as phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, carotene etc. • Three forms: unicellular, colonial and filaments. • Some filament cyanobacteria have heterocyst that can fix N2 to ammonia. • e.g. Anacystis , Oscillatoria

  15. Fungi • Eukaryotic living organisms • Heterotroph (1) unicellular yeast (2) muticellular molds

  16. Fungi

  17. Yeast • Reproduction: Budding processes (asexual reproduction) forming buds on the mother cell when mature, punch off to become new single yeast cells. sex spores (sexual reproduction), produce sex spores following the fusion of two separate cells. • Many yeast convert carbohydrates to alcohol for alcoholic beverages (e.g. Saccharomycescerevisiae) • Some are used to raise bread (produce CO2 in the dough)

  18. Yeast

  19. Multicellular fungi • More complex than yeast, many of them become visible as “mildew” in damp weather. have hair like structure (mycelium) • Sexual and asexual reproduction • Some mold are responsible for the flavor of fine cheeses. • Major sources of antibiotics • e.g. Penicilliumchrysogenum for penicillin

  20. Slim Mold (lower fungi) • This is a lower fungi, in Protista and protomycota. • It is similar to fungi, but distinct. • Heterotroph. • They live in cool, shady moist places in nature - on decaying wood, dead leaves or other damp organic matter.

  21. Algae • Eukaryotic living organisms • Autotroph: Carry out a green plant type of photosynthesis resulting in the photolysis of water and the evolution of O2. • Mainly aquatic in nature. • Some of the primitive ones are classified in protista; complex multicellular types are placed in plant kingdom. • Three forms: unicellular, filaments and colonial. • 7 classes on the basis of their cellular structure, pigment composition. Only five will be discussed in here and differentiate them using food storage particles. • e.g. euglena, spirogyra and cladophora.

  22. AlgaeChina Algae Blooms Beijing 2008 Olympics

  23. Algae • Euglenoids eg. Euglena food storage is a lipoid polysaccharide - paramylum • Green algae eg. Chlamydomonas food storage - starch • Golden Brown algae eg. Diatoms food storage – oil and leucosin (a polysaccharide) have fucoxanthin, a brownish pigment

  24. Algae Cont. 4. Brown Algae Mainly marine water algae food storage – laminarin, a polysaccharide and mannitol, a sugar alcohol 5. Fire Algae Dinoflagellate eg. Peridinium food storage – starch, fat, oils

  25. Protista • Unicellular, heterotroph • Animal like, move, they are either free living or parasites. • A wide variety of shapes and sizes some elongated, some are oval. • Sizes: from 5-10 um to 1-2 mm. • Sexual or asexual reproduction • e.g. amoebas, paramecium

  26. Protista

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