American Indian History: Ice Age to Present

1. 12,000 Years of American Indian History The Blast IU 17 Fellowship Pennsylvania Intermediate Unit 17 Fall 2010 Colloquium

2. Catch my Campaign Dr. Yohuru Williams & Anthony Fitzpatrick

3. Pennsylvania Common Core Standards 8.2.4.C.5. Physical and human geography 7.1.7.B. Explain and locate places and regions as defined by physical and human features 8.1.7.A. Demonstrate continuity and change over time using sequential order and context of events. 7.4.12.A. Analyze the global effects of changes in the physical systems.

4. The Ice Age

7. How do we know where a glacier stops?

8. Changing Flora and Fauna Over Time

9. Ice sheet on Ellsmere Island, Canada

10. Tundra: Semi-frozen Sub Arctic Plain The Transition from Tundra to Deciduous Forest Deciduous Forests

11. The Eastern Shoreline 18,000 Years Ago

12. Florida 20K BP

13. Great Lakes from Space

14. Great Lakes 18,000 BP

15. 12KBP

16. 10KBP

17. 8,000 BP

18. 18 KBP

19. 12 KBP

20. 9 KBP

21. 6 KBP

22. Modern

23. United States, 16,000 Years Ago R. G. Larson, Illinois State Museum

24. Giant Beaver (Castoroides ohioensis) Extinct 8 Ft.

25. Long-snouted Peccary (Mylohyus nasutus) Extinct

26. Long-snouted Peccary (Mylohyus nasutus)

27. Peccary Finds in the U.S. (Faunmap Database, Illinois State Museum)

28. Jefferson's ground sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii) Extinct Reconstruction by the University of Iowa Museum of Natural History

29. Ground Sloth Finds in the U.S. (Faunmap Database, Illinois State Museum)

30. Caribou (Rangifer tarandus)

31. American Mastodon (Mammut americanum) Extinct R. G. Larson, Illinois State Museum

32. American Mastodon, Mammut americanum Photograph: Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt

33. Mastodon Finds in the U.S. (Faunmap Database, Illinois State Museum)

34. Jefferson’s Mammoth (Mammuthus columbi jeffersonii) Extinct

35. Mammoth Finds in the Midwestern U.S. • Woolly mammoth finds are shown with red squares; Jefferson's mammoth finds are shown as yellow triangles. Green dots indicate finds that cannot be identified to species.

36. America’s Oldest Known Artist? 13KBP Vero Beach

37. Hypothetical American Indian Local Sequence in Archaeology Woodland Period 2000 BP Archaic Period 8000 BP Paleo Indian Period 12000 BP

38. The Evolution of Projectile Point Typology

39. An Archaeological Local Sequence Woodland Period Circa 1000 BP Raising Corn, Beans and Squash Circa2000 BP Cultivating Grasses, Bow and Arrow Circa 3000 BP Pottery Archaic Hunters and Gatherers Semi Nomadic Circa 8000 BP Paleo Indians Nomadic Herd Hunters Circa 12000 BP

41. Smilodon It weighed about 440 lbs (200 kg). It was a bit smaller than a modern-day lion (Pantheraleo), but much heavier. Extinct Circa 10KBC

42. Paleo Indians And Mega Fauna

44. PALEO INDIAN TOOL KIT

45. Paleo Indian Projectile Points

46. An Archaeological Local Sequence Woodland Period Circa 1000 BP Raising Corn, Beans and Squash Circa2000 BP Cultivating Grasses, Bow and Arrow Circa 3000 BP Pottery Archaic Hunters and Gatherers Semi Nomadic Seasonal Campgrounds Circa 8000 BP Paleo Indians Nomadic Herd Hunters Circa 12000 BP

47. ARCHAIC PERIOD POINTS

49. The Style and Diversity of Projectile Points and Tool Kits Expands With Each Period Tools became varied and include more ground, polished and bone tools. They developed grooved axes, pestles, etc. Fishing becomes more important and net sinkers and fish hooks appear.

50. An Archaeological Local Sequence Woodland Period Circa 1000 BP Raising Corn, Beans and Squash Circa2000 BP Cultivating Grasses, Bow and Arrow Circa 3000 BP Pottery Archaic Hunters and Gatherers Semi Nomadic Circa 8000 BP Paleo Indians Nomadic Herd Hunters Circa 12000 BP