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Same sex marriages in international family law – a clash of legal cultures ?

Same sex marriages in international family law – a clash of legal cultures ?. Academica 2014 University of Tartu, Faculty of Law Monday , October 13, 2014. Overview. Same sex couples in family law and the law of succession

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Same sex marriages in international family law – a clash of legal cultures ?

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  1. Same sexmarriages in international familylaw– a clashof legal cultures? Academica 2014 University of Tartu, Facultyof Law Monday, October 13, 2014 Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  2. Overview • Same sexcouples in familylawandthelawofsuccession • Same sexmarriageand registered partnership in a comparativeperspective • Legal issues in international cases • Views on some international instrumentsandtheirapproaches Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  3. Introduction • Same sexmarriage - promoted, prohibited, tolerated • Same sexmarriageandlawofsuccession • Spouseas legal heir • Reservedshareofspouse • The legal situationof international couplesofthe same sex - a clashof legal cultures? Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  4. Same sexmarriage in familylaw • Righttoprivacy: nostateinterferencewith private life • Cohabitation • Registered partnership • For all couples (e.g. French PACS) • For same sexcouplesonly (e.g. Germany) • Same sexmarriage(e.g. Norway, Sweden, The Netherlands, Spain) Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  5. Same sexmarriage • Netherlands • Belgium • Massachusetts (USA) • Spain, Canada • Norway, Sweden • Argentina, Iceland, Portugal • Danmark • France 2013/14 UK (except Northern Ireland) Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  6. Same sexmarriage in the US • Federal Defense ofMarriageAct 1996 • Same sexmarriage = statelegislation • Nostateobligedtorecognise same sexmarriageconcluded in anotherstate • Same sexmarriage • Allowed in 6 statesand D.C. • Prohibited in 45 states (in 30 statesbystateconstitution) • Somerecognise, others do not Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  7. Europe (Council of Europe) • Same sexmarriage: 10 countries • Registered partnership: 12 countries • Nothingoftheabove: 29 countries Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  8. International familylawissues • Conclusionofmarriage/ registered partnership • Where? - Whereitisknown! • Whichlaw? • Personal law (nationality, domicile, habitualresidence) • Law ofplacewhereitisconcluded(lex loci celebrationis) Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  9. International familylawissues • Recognition ofmarriage / partnershipconcludedabroad • Whatdoes „recognition“ mean? • Status as such • Effectsofstatusformaintenance,property, lawofsuccession etc. • Standard issuesifitisknown in otherstate • Special problemifitisunknown in otherstate Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  10. HagueConventionNo. 26 of 1978 • Validityandrecognitionofthevalidityofmarriage • Ratifiedby 3 countries only(Australia, Luxembourg, Netherlands) • Does not cover same sexmarriage(not known in 1978) Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  11. ICCS ConventionNo. 32 of 2007 • On therecognitionof registered partnerships • Ofcouplesofthe same or different sex • Modelled after theHagueMarriageConventionNo. 26 of 1978 • Recognition ofpartnership registered in onememberstateby all othermemberstates • Groundsfor non-recognition • Not yet in force Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  12. EU Regulation 2201/2003 (Brussels II bis) • Proceedingsofdivorce, legal separation, andannulmentofmarriage • Same sexmarriage not included(known in only 2 memberstates) Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  13. EU Regulation 1259/2010 (Rome III) • Applicablelawfordivorceand legal separationofmarriage • Same sexmarriage not included(noconsensus) • Nomemberstateisobligedto separate ordivorce a same sexmarriageifitdoes not knowit (Preamble 26) Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  14. EU Succession Regulation (650/2012) • On thesuccessiontotheestateof a deceasedperson • Successionrightofspouseorpartnerandrighttoreservedshare (Art. 23 § 2 lit. b and h) • „marriage“ and „partnership“ aspreliminaryquestion Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  15. EU Succession Regulation (650/2012) • Succession Regulation does not applyto • familyrelationships • „relationshipsdeemedbythethelawapplicableto such relationshipstohavecomparableeffects“ • „marriage“ and „partnership“ leftto national (conflict) laws Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  16. EU Succession Regulation (650/2012) • Conflictslikely • e.g. if a memberstateregards same sexmarriage / registered partnershipas valid andsurvivingspouse / partnerwouldhaverightofsuccessionorto a reservedshareunderthatlaw, but lawofsuccessiondoes not? Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  17. Proposalfor EU regulations on thepropertyof international couples • 2 proposals, oneformatrimonialproperty, oneforproperty in registered partnerships • Inclusionofrecognitionofforeignmarriageandpartnershiprejected, onlypropertyissues • Definition of registered partnershipincludescouplesof same andof different sex • Nodefinitionofmarriage Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

  18. Proposalfor EU regulations on thepropertyof international couples • Commission: property in same sexmarriageshouldbeleftto national (conflict) laws • But arethereotherproblemsthanwithproperty in registered partnerships? Prof. Dr. Volker Lipp

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