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Joris Melkert Faculty of Aerospace Engineering

Unlocking greater near-term efficiency, while transitioning to the next generation of planes “There is no quick fix”. Joris Melkert Faculty of Aerospace Engineering. Spot the differences. 1967. 1987. 2017. Sources: airliners.net, @zhangmx969, Shimin Gu. Content.

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Joris Melkert Faculty of Aerospace Engineering

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  1. Unlocking greater near-term efficiency, while transitioning to the next generation of planes“There is no quick fix” Joris Melkert Faculty of Aerospace Engineering

  2. Spot the differences 1967 1987 2017 Sources: airliners.net, @zhangmx969, ShiminGu

  3. Content • Snowball effect in aviation • Developments so far • Electric aircraft • Alternative fuels • New configurations • Conclusion

  4. Snowball effect in aviation 1 kg more mass -> 1 kg more lift required lift is not for free - > more aerodynamic drag more drag -> more thrust more thrust -> bigger engines -> more fuel } -> more mass

  5. Developments so far – fuel consumption

  6. Developments so far – fuel consumption

  7. Developments so far - noise Source: BDL

  8. Developments so far - manufacturers

  9. Developments so far - manufacturers

  10. Developments so far - airlines $7.58 $15.87 $5.10 $5.89 - $1.55 $2.95 $5.10 Net profit per ticket Source: IATA

  11. Electric Aircraft Source: PASCAL ROSSIGNOL

  12. Electric Aircraft Source: Pipistrel

  13. Electric Aircraft Source: Siemens

  14. Electric Aircraft Source: Hartzellprop.com

  15. Electric Aircraft Jet A / Jet A-1 Biodiesel F-T kerosene Peanut butter LNG Ethanol Methanol Liquid hydrogen Brownie Lithium Battery

  16. Electric Aircraft • Electric flight will be there! • However: • It will not be the next generation aircraft • It will come via two routes • 1. General aviation • 2. Hybrid passenger aircraft Source: Hartzellprop.com

  17. Alternative fuels Source: Luchtvaartnieuws

  18. Alternative fuels Jet A / Jet A-1 Biodiesel F-T kerosene LNG Ethanol Methanol Liquid hydrogen Lithium Battery

  19. Alternative fuels Cessna Citation II - P&W JT15Ds GTL 0-50% in two base fuels (ground tests) GTL 0-90% in flight tests Area-averaged probe Measurement of ICAO LTO emissions by DLR Direct particle size and number

  20. Alternative fuels

  21. Alternative fuels Cessna Citation II - P&W JT15Ds GTL 0-50% in two base fuels (ground tests) GTL 0-90% in flight tests Area-averaged probe Measurement of ICAO LTO emissions by DLR Direct particle size and number Soot filters in undiluted flow

  22. Alternative fuels Is hydrogen an option? Yes, you can use hydrogen in jet engines. But you will need some modifications. A better alternative would be to make use of hydrogen fuel cells and electric motors. Source: Olivier Cleynen

  23. New configurations Source: Phys.org

  24. New configurations Source: NASA

  25. New configurations Source: Steven Barrett, MIT

  26. New configurations Source: NASA

  27. New configurations Source: theverge.com

  28. New configurations Source: Wikipedia

  29. New configurations Sources: Aviationweek

  30. New configurations Source: NLR

  31. New configurations Sources: NASA

  32. New configurations – quick fixes

  33. New configurations – quick fixes

  34. New configurations – quick fixes

  35. New configurations – quick fixes

  36. New configurations – quick fixes Source: Mets747

  37. New configurations – quick fixes Source: blogs.wsj.com

  38. Conclusions There is no quick fix We need more research and development + We replace old aircraft sooner (fleet renewal) + We need to look into alternative “drop-in” fuels + We need better procedures (climate optimized routing) + We need to compensate (CORSIA and beyond) + We need stronger incentives (legislation + societal pressure) + We need to limit the growth, preferably reduce soon

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