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Neutralization Reactions

Neutralization Reactions. Neutralization Reactions. Acid + Base  Salt + Water Double Replacement HX(aq) + MOH(aq)  MX(aq) + H 2 O(l) Not Redox Balance by counting atoms. Writing Equations. Word Equation Skeleton Equation Balanced Equation Formulas Show all the ions

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Neutralization Reactions

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  1. Neutralization Reactions

  2. Neutralization Reactions • Acid + Base Salt + Water • Double Replacement • HX(aq) + MOH(aq)  MX(aq) + H2O(l) • Not Redox • Balance by counting atoms

  3. Writing Equations • Word Equation • Skeleton Equation • Balanced Equation • Formulas • Show all the ions • Net Ionic Equation Memory Jogger

  4. Formulas for Salts • Positive ion 1st. Negative ion 2nd. • Write down symbols & charges. • If charges don’t cancel, use criss-cross rule. HNO3 + KOH  H2O + salt • K+1 + NO3-1  KNO3 H2SO4 + KOH  H2O + salt • K+1 + (SO4)-2  K2SO4 Memory Jogger

  5. Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide  Sodium Chloride + Water HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Is it balanced? Skeleton Eq.

  6. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2Oor H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l) + Na+ + Cl-(aq) Na+ and Cl- are spectator ions: H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l) Ionic Eq. Net Ionic Equation

  7. Nitric Acid + Potassium Hydroxide HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq)  KNO3(aq) + H2O(l) Skeleton Eq. Is it balanced?

  8. Ionic Eq. H+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + K+(aq) + OH-(aq)  K+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + H2O(l) Net Ionic Eq. H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O

  9. Sulfuric Acid + Calcium Hydroxide H2SO4(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq)  CaSO4(aq) + H2O(l) Skeleton Eq. Is it balanced?

  10. H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + 2 H2O

  11. H2SO4(aq) + KOH(aq)  ? K2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) Skeleton Eq. Is it balanced?

  12. H2SO4 + 2 KOH  K2SO4 + 2 H2O What is the ionic equation? 2H+(aq) + SO4-2(aq) + 2K+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq)  2K+(aq) + SO4-2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

  13. What is the net ionic equation? 2H+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)  2H2O(l) Divide through by 2: H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l)

  14. Hydrochloric Acid + Magnesium Hydroxide HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + H2O Skeleton Eq. Is it balanced?

  15. HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + H2O 2HCl + Mg(OH)2 MgCl2 + 2H2O What is the ionic equation? H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l)

  16. 2H+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + Mg+2(aq) + 2OH-(aq)  Mg+2(aq) + 2Cl-1(aq) + 2H2O(l) What is the net ionic equation? 2H+ + 2OH- 2H2O

  17. For any neutralization reaction • The net ionic equation is always: H+ + OH- H2O

  18. pH changes during neutralization pH < 7 pH  • Start with an acid. • Add a base • At neutralization • Start with a base. • Add an acid. • At neutralization pH = 7 pH > 7 pH  pH = 7

  19. H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l) 1-to-1 relationship between H+ and OH-. At neutralization, # of moles H+ = # of moles OH-

  20. Molarity of H+ Molarity of H+ = moles H+ liters of soln Moles H+ = Molarity of H+ X Liters soln Moles H+ = MH+ X VH+

  21. Molarity of OH- Molarity of OH- = moles OH- liters of soln Moles OH- = Molarity of OH- X Liters soln Moles OH- = MOH- X VOH-

  22. At neutralization Moles H+ = Moles OH- MH+ X VH+ = MOH- X VOH-

  23. Titration Problems • Rely on the fact that for all neutralization reactions, there must be a one-to-one ratio of H+ to OH-.

  24. MA X VA = MB X VB • MA = molarity of H+ • VA = volume of acid (mls, usually) • MB = molarity of OH- • VB = volume of base (mls, usually) Holds for monoprotic acid with monohydroxy base, diprotic acid with dihydroxy base, etc.

  25. Modify MaVa = MbVb • If the number of H’s in the acid does NOT equal the number of OH’s in the base, this equation MUST be modified: naMaVa = nbMbVb • Where na = subscript of H in formula for acid and nb = subscript of OH in formula for base.

  26. Molarity of H+ • In HCl: molarity H+ = molarity HCl • In H2SO4: molarity H+ = 2(molarity H2SO4) • In H3PO4: molarity H+ = 3(molarity H3PO4)

  27. Molarity of OH- • In KOH: molarity OH- = molarity KOH • In Ca(OH)2: molarity OH- = 2(molarity Ca(OH)2) • Etc.

  28. Titration Movie On the buret, the numbers go down, so you read down. Notice that the volume units will cancel out. They have to be the same, but not necessarily liters.

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