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Kinetic and Potential Energy

Kinetic and Potential Energy. Kinetic Energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement or motion To calculate kinetic energy you need to know an object’s mass and velocity Kinetic energy (KE) = ½ (m)*(v 2 ) = ½ mv 2 Energy is expressed in Joules (J) which are kg*m 2 /s 2.

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Kinetic and Potential Energy

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  1. Kinetic and Potential Energy

  2. Kinetic Energy • Kinetic energy is the energy of movement or motion • To calculate kinetic energy you need to know an object’s mass and velocity • Kinetic energy (KE) = ½ (m)*(v2) = ½ mv2 • Energy is expressed in Joules (J) which are kg*m2/s2

  3. Example how to calculate kinetic energy A 0.10 kg bird is flying at a constant speed of 8.0m/s. What is the bird’s kinetic energy? Mass (m) = .10kg Speed (v) = 8.0m/s2 KE = ½ (.10kg)* (8.0m/s)2 KE = 3.2 kg*m2/s2 = 3J

  4. Kinetic Energy Equations • If you are asked to solve for kinetic energy use • KE = ½ mv2 • If you are asked to solve for mass use • M = 2*(KE)/v2 • If you are asked to solve for velocity use • V = square root 2KE/m

  5. Potential Energy • Potential energy is the energy stored as a result of position • Gravitational potential energy depends on an object’s height

  6. Formula for calculating potential energy • The formula is PEg = mgh = Fgh • Fg will be in Newtons • Where m = mass, g = gravity and h = height • In the second form • F = force in newtons(N), h = height • Gravitational potential energy is expressed in Joules (J)

  7. Example of calculating gravitational potential energy • A diver at the top of a 10.0 m high diving platform has a mass of 50.0kg. What is her potential energy? • PE = mgh • PE = (50.0kg)*(9.8m/s2)*(10.0m) • PE = 4900 kg*m2/s2 = 4900J

  8. Potential Energy Equations • If you are asked to solve for potential energy use • PE = mgh or PE = Fgh • If you are asked to solve for mass use • m = PE/gh or m = PE/Fgh • If you are asked to solve for height use • h = PE/mg or use h = PE/Fg

  9. Elastic Potential Energy • Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in an object that is stretched or compressed (think elastic) • The energy is stored when the object is either stretched or compressed

  10. Chemical Energy • Chemical energy is the energy stored in chemical bonds • The energy is released when the bonds are broken

  11. Electric Energy • Electric energy is the energy associated with electric charges • Batteries contain electric energy

  12. Nuclear Energy • Nuclear energy is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom • Energy can be released by nuclear fission which is splitting the atom or by nuclear fusion which is joining nuclei

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