Lymphatic System and immunity

1. http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/lymph-system-1.jpg http://static.squarespace.com/static/511852bfe4b0cb217578137f/t/5133f013e4b0b73e5290c5d2/1362358292060/lymphatic_system.jpg By Sheena Yvarra & Taylah Montgomery http://drmichaelljohnsonchiropractor.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/images3.png Lymphatic System and immunity

2. General Functions • Removes excess fluid from tissues and transports it into the bloodstream • Absorbs fats from small intestine • Helps defend the body against disease-causing agents

3. Major Organs • Spleen • Thymus Thymus Spleen http://www.savorylotus.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/organs_of_the_lymphatic_system.jpg

4. Spleen • Largest lymphatic organ • FUNCTIONS: • Contains many macrophages, which filter foreign particles and damaged red blood cells from blood http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/image_article_collections/anatomy_pages/Spleen2.jpg

5. Thymus • Relatively large during infancy and early childhood; shrinks after puberty • FUNCTIONS: • Contains inactive lymphocytes and turn them into mature or active T cells • T cells (T lymphocytes) leave thymus & provide immunity *Lymphocytes- white blood cell that attack invading viruses, bacteria, and other parasitic cells http://www.mskcc.org/sites/www.mskcc.org/files/imagecache/enlarge/node/4708/images/497816.jpg

6. Lymphatic Pathway Lymphatic Capillary • Lymphatic vessels- transport lymph(fluid) throughout body Lymphatic Vessel Lymph Node LymphaticVessel Lymphatic Trunk Collecting Duct Subclavian Vein

7. Lymphatic Pathway • Lymphatic Ducts: • Thoracic • Right Lymphatic **Thoracic duct is larger and longer; lower limbs, abdomen, left side of body *RightLymphatic receives lymph from right side of head and neck

8. Lymph Nodes • Vary in size and shape • Usually less than 2.5 cm long • Bean shaped • FUNCTIONS: • Filters potentially harmful particles from lymph before returning it to the bloodstream • Centers for production of lymphocytes, and they also contain phagocytic cells *Lymphocytes- white blood cell that attack invading viruses, bacteria, and other parasitic cells

9. 5 Types of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins) Antibodies- special proteins that fight off and destroy disease-causing germs Antigen- foreign substance introduced into the body and causes immune response; molecules produced by the body • Immunoglobulin G (IgG) • is in tissue fluid and plasma and defends against bacterial cells, viruses, and toxins and activates complement, a group of immune system enzymes • Immunoglobulin A (IgA) • is in exocrine gland secretions (breast milk, saliva, tears) and defends against bacteria and viruses. • Immunoglobulin M (IgM) • is found in plasma and activates complement and reacts with blood cells during transfusions.

10. 5 Types of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins) 4. Immunoglobulin D (IgD) • Found on surface of B cells, especially those of infants • Activate B cells 5. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) • is found in exocrine gland secretions and promotes allergic reactions http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/antigenAB.gif

11. Immune Responses • First reaction to an antigen is called a primary immune response • during this response, antibodies are produced for several weeks • some B cells remain dormant as memory cells • Secondary immune response occurs rapidly as a result of memory cell response if the same antigen is encountered http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/eh/eh_immunity_b/AdaptiveImmunityMemory.png

12. Active vs Passive Immunity • Active immunity • person produces antibodies in response to the presence of antigen • Long-term immunity • Passive immunity • Person receives antibodies produced by another individual • Short-term immunity http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/upload/q7118722.gif http://www.stmary.ws/highschool/science/humanbio/q3/q3%20pictures/passive%20immunity.gif

13. Vaccination • Vaccine produces another type of active immunity • helps protect against infectious disease by exposing you to a mild or dead version of the germ • Makes your body build up protection in the form of antibodies

14. Allergic Reactions • Antigens that cause allergic response is called allergens • Allergic response is an immune attack against a nonharmfulsubstance, like chocolate • Sensitize lymphocytes and antibodies may bind antigens • Can damage tissues • Can be dangerous and life-threatening http://wondergressive.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Peanut_Allergy-3.jpg http://foodimentaryguy.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/peanuts1.jpg

15. Tissue Rejection Reaction • Recipient’s immune system may recognize donor’s cell surfaces as foreign and attempt to destroy the transplanted tissue • Matching donor and recipient tissues can minimize the rejection reaction

16. Autoimmunity • immune system fails to distinguish self from nonself antigens • Produces autoantibodies and cytotoxic T cells that attack and damage the body’s tissues and organs **Self antigen- antigen that originates within the body ** Nonself antigen- foreign antigens not originally within the body http://alt-ternativeautoimmune.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/cells.gif

17. Diseases • Lymphedema • Chronic swelling of the limbs caused by the accumulation of lymph fluid • Hodgkin’s lymphoma • Type of cancer that typically occurs when the white blood cells become diseased or damaged http://www.regionshospital.com/ucm/groups/public/@hp/@public/documents/webasset/dev_015219.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Hodgkin_lymphoma_(1)_mixed_cellulary_type.jpg

18. Works Cited • http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0218378151/student_view0/chapter14/study_outline.html • http://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.html