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Quantum Mechanical Model

Quantum Mechanical Model. Or…”Electron Cloud Model” Electrons move freely within “clouds” (called orbitals ) not just restricted to orbits. [http://www.gly.fsu.edu/%7Esalters/GLY1000/6_Minerals/Slide9.jpg]. Quantum Mechanical Model.

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Quantum Mechanical Model

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  1. Quantum Mechanical Model • Or…”Electron Cloud Model” • Electrons move freely within “clouds” (called orbitals) not just restricted to orbits. [http://www.gly.fsu.edu/%7Esalters/GLY1000/6_Minerals/Slide9.jpg]

  2. Quantum Mechanical Model • Atoms have different numbers and shapes of orbitals depending on their number of electrons. “s orbital”

  3. p orbitals d orbitals

  4. Quantum Mechanical Model • As the energy of an electron increases, so does the quantum number (n) • Each principle energy level is also split up into one or more sublevels • Chart on Pg. 145 [http://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/esam/Chapter_4/fig4-2.jpg]

  5. Quantum Mechanical Model • In each orbital, only 2 electrons can exist because of electron spin Click here for an Atomic Orbital Applet

  6. Electron Orbital Diagrams • Show which orbitals in an atom electrons occupy. • Arrows are used to represent the electrons.

  7. Electron Orbital Diagrams • Aufbau Principle: • Electrons must “fill” lower energy orbitals before higher energy orbitals. • 1s before 2s, 2s before 2p …

  8. Electron Orbital Diagrams • Pauli Exclusion Principle: Electrons in a orbital always move in opposite directions (spin!) • Use up and down arrows.

  9. Electron Orbital Diagrams • Hund’s Rule: All orbitals of a certain shape must be occupied by one electron before they can be paired.

  10. Electron Orbital Diagrams • Example: Carbon

  11. Electron Orbital Diagrams • Example: Oxygen Orbital Diagrams provided by: [http://intro.chem.okstate.edu/1215/Lecture/Chapter11/Fri11216.gif]

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