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Quantum Mechanical Model

Quantum Mechanical Model. Limitations of the Bohr Model. Only works for atoms with 1 e -. e - behave like waves instead of particles. e - DO NOT travel in fixed paths around the nucleus!!!. e - found in certain regions around the nucleus!.

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Quantum Mechanical Model

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  1. Quantum Mechanical Model

  2. Limitations of the Bohr Model Only works for atoms with 1 e- e- behave like waves instead of particles. e- DO NOT travel in fixed paths around the nucleus!!! e- found in certain regions around the nucleus! These regions (orbitals) are based on probability where e- can be found.

  3. It is not possible to determine the location & momentum of an e- at the same time (Heisenburg Uncertainty Principle).

  4. Quantum Numbers Four Quantum Numbers: Specify the “address” of each electron in an atom UPPER LEVEL

  5. Quantum Numbers 1. Principal Quantum Number ( n ) Energy level Size of the orbital n2 = # of orbitals in the energy level

  6. Quantum Numbers 2. Angular Momentum Quantum # ( l ) Energy sublevel Shape of the orbital s p d f

  7. Quantum Numbers • n = # of sublevels per level • n2 = # of orbitals per level • Sublevel sets:1s,3p,5d, 7f

  8. Quantum Numbers 3. Magnetic Quantum Number ( ml ) Orientation of orbital Specifies the exact orbitalwithin each sublevel

  9. Quantum Numbers px py pz

  10. Quantum Numbers Orbitals combine to form a spherical shape. 2s 2px 2py 2pz

  11. Quantum Numbers 4. Spin Quantum Number ( ms ) Electron spin  +½ or -½ An orbital can hold 2 electrons that spin in opposite directions.

  12. Quantum Numbers Pauli Exclusion Principle No two electrons in an atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers. Each e- has a unique “address”: 1. Principal #  2. Ang. Mom. #  3. Magnetic #  4. Spin # energy level sublevel (s,p,d,f) orbital electron

  13. If you recall: n = 3 n = principal quantum # n = 2 # = Energy n = 1 Each energy level consists of one or more sublevels. s < p < d < f Energy Energy

  14. Quantum Mechanical Model There is a maximum # of e- that can occupy each sublevel. s = 2 e- p = 6 e- d = 10 e- f = 14 e- As previously stated, e- are located in regions (orbitals) where they have the highest probability of being found!

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