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Unit 2: Force, Motion, and Energy

Unit 2: Force, Motion, and Energy. Outline of Presentation. Progression of learning G10 Electricity and Magnetism learning competencies G10 Electricity and Magnetism goals and objectives Learning activities Sample activity Discussion of results

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Unit 2: Force, Motion, and Energy

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  1. Unit 2: Force, Motion, and Energy

  2. Outline of Presentation • Progression of learning • G10 Electricity and Magnetism learning competencies • G10 Electricity and Magnetism goals and objectives • Learning activities • Sample activity • Discussion of results • Application of concepts derived from the activities DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

  3. Electricity and Magnetism Gr. 7 Gr. 8 Electric Field Electrostatics Electric Charge Electric Force • Electric charges • Attraction/Repulsion between charges • Flow of charges (Simple electric circuit) Electric Potential Ohm’s Law Electric circuit/connection Electric Current (I) • Electrical Power • Electrical energy Magnetic Field and Current • Electric current (I, V, R relationship) • Electrical connections (connections at home)

  4. World of Electricity and Magnetism Electric Field Electrostatics Electric Charge Electric Force Electric Potential Ohm’s Law Electric circuit/connection Electric Current (I) • Electrical Power • Electrical energy • Magnetic Field • Magnetic forces Magnetism Magnetic Field (B) B due to I Electromagnets Magnetic Field and Current Force of B on I Motors • Generator/Transformer • Power Transmission EM Induction Faraday’s Law

  5. Grade 9 Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Where does electricity come from? How is it produced? How does it get to our home? Source: http://www.netgainenergyadvisors.com/

  6. Grade 10 Electromagnetic Induction What happens inside the generator? How does it “produce electricity”? Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Drax_power_station_generator.jpg

  7. Grade 10 • Electric Motor • Applications of EM Waves (including Light) How else is electrical energy changed into other forms of energy that are useful to us? Source: http://mamcomotors.com

  8. G10 Force, Motion, and EnergyElectricty and Magnetism Learning Competencies • Demonstrate the generation of electricity by movement of a magnet through the coil • Explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

  9. G10 Force, Motion, and EnergyElectricty and Magnetism Goals/Objectives • Understand the nature of magnet/magnetic field • Magnetic domains • Exploring magnetic field • a. around permanent magnets of different shapes; • b. between like and unlike poles; • c. around a straight current-carrying conductor; • d. around a current-carrying loop of wire; and • e. around the Earth. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

  10. G10 Force, Motion, and EnergyElectricty and Magnetism Goals/Objectives • Understand the relationship between electricity (electric current) and magnetism (magnetic field) and use this relationship in explaining principles behind generators, motors and other devices (recording devices) • Investigate what happens when • a current carrying conductor is placed within a magnetic field • a conductor is moved within a magnetic field DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

  11. Getting hooked ... The Floating Paper Clip

  12. Learning Activities Magnetism Activity 1 For the Record… Getting familiar with the various equipment commonly found inside a radio broadcasting studio Activity 2Test Mag...1, 2! Observing interactions between magnets and between a magnet and ‘non-magnet’ Activity 3 Inducing Magnetism Inducing magnetism in a magnetic material Activity 4/5 Detecting Magnetism/Oh, Magnets… Determining direction of magnetic field around a permanent magnet using magnetic compass/magnetic field creater DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

  13. Learning Activities Electricity and Magnetism Activity 6 Electric Field Simulation Activity 7 Magnetic Field Simulation Comparing electric and magnetic field lines using PhET Interactive Simulations Project DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

  14. Learning Activities • Magnetism from Electricity Electricity from Magnetism Activity 8 Magnetic Field around Current-Carrying Conductors Activity 9 Making your Own Electric Motor Activity 10 Let’s Jump In Generating electricity with the aid of the Earth’s B Activity 11 Principles of Electromagnetic Induction Investigating factors affecting the strength and direction of B

  15. Sample Activity

  16. Activity 8: Magnetic Field around Current-Carrying Conductors Objectives • Using a compass, explore the magnetic field around current-carrying conductors. • Use the magnetic compass to determine the direction of a magnetic field • A. around a straight current-carrying conductor; and • B. at the center of the current-carrying coil.

  17. Part A: Magnetic Field around a Straight Conductor Materials needed * Setup • Straight current-carrying conductor setup* • Power supply/Dry cells • Connecting wires • Magnetic compass • Cardboard/Illustration board conductor supply Source: http://www.ekshiksha.org.in/

  18. Part B: Magnetic Field at the Center of a Coil Materials needed * Setup • Current-carrying coil setup* • Power supply/Dry cells • Connecting wires • Magnetic compass • Cardboard/Illustration board Source: http://www.ekshiksha.org.in/

  19. Top View Part A out of the paper Magnetic compass into the paper Conductor X without current with current

  20. Part B Side View + Clockwise - Counterclockwise - without current + with current

  21. Activity Proper

  22. The story behind... • In 1819, Hans Christian Oersted, a Danish physicist and chemist and a professor in the University of Copenhagen, discovered during a class demonstration that a current carrying wire would deflect the compass needle. He inferred that an electric current would induce a magnetic field. www.rare-earth-magnets.com Hans Christian Oersted (1777–1851)

  23. Guide Questions From a top-view perspective, in which direction does the north pole of the compass needle point when placed around the straight current-carrying conductor? If the direction of the current is reversed, in which direction does the needle point? Part A

  24. Part B: Magnetic Field at the Center of a Coil + -

  25. Visualizing Magnetic Field http://www.ekshiksha.org.in// Magnetic Compass Iron Fillings

  26. Direction of Magnetic Field If a current carrying conductor is imagined to be held in the right hand such that the thumb points in the direction of the current, then the tips of the fingers encircling the conductor will give the direction of the magnetic lines (magnetic field) Right Hand Rule (RHR) Magnetic Field Current http://www.ekshiksha.org.in//

  27. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field What happens when a current -carrying conductor is placed within a magnetic field? http://www.ekshiksha.org.in// EM Swing

  28. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field The direction of the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field can be determined by using the right hand rule (RHR) I B F http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/File:Right-hand-rule.jpg

  29. Application: Working Principle of Electric Motor http://tutorvista.com Electric Motor

  30. Concept Check A current carrying wire is perpendicular to the card as shown in the figure below. Which of the arrows in the figure shows the direction of the magnetic field at point Y ? + A Y B D C - DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

  31. A • B • C • D I Concept Check A wire conductor is placed between the poles of a strong permanent U magnet as shown in the figure below. The direction of current I through the wire is also shown. Which arrow indicates the direction of the force on the wire? B A DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

  32. A • B • C • D Concept Check A rectangular loop of wire OPQR carrying a current is in a uniform magnetic field as shown in the figure below. What is the direction of the force on PQ? • to the right • to the left • vertically upwards • vertically downwards DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

  33. Concepts Learned Magnetic Field • An electric current produces magnetic effect around the conductor (called Magnetic Field) • The magnetic field surrounding a current-carrying conductor can be shown by sprinkling iron filings or arranging magnetic compasses around the conductor • The compasses line up with the magnetic field (a pattern of concentric circles about the wire) produced by the current. • When the current reverses direction, the compasses turn around, showing that the direction of the magnetic field changes also.

  34. Concepts Learned Motor Effect • A current-carrying conductor when placed in a magnetic field experiences a force. • If the direction of the field and that of the current are mutually perpendicular to each other, then the force acting on the conductor will be perpendicular to both. This is the basis of an electric motor. • The direction of the magnetic field, current and force can be determined using the RHR.

  35. Inquiry in Practice Process Skills • Engaging in scientific-oriented questions • Gathering evidence • Providing explanations based on evidence • Communicating explanations Observing Inference Predicting Experimenting Communicating explanations

  36. Thank you 

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