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Substitution

Substitution. Umnia Jamal. Substitution and ellipsis are used when “a speaker or writer wishes to avoid the repetition of a lexical item and draw on one of the grammatical resources of the language to replace the item”. Everyone has some experience with text substitution.

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Substitution

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  1. Substitution Umnia Jamal

  2. Substitution and ellipsis are used when “a speaker or writer wishes to avoid the repetition of a lexical item and draw on one of the grammatical resources of the language to replace the item”.

  3. Everyone has some experience with text substitution. • The basic idea is to replace a small bit of text with a larger bit of text. • So maybe you set 'name' to 'your full name'. • Apply a small amount of effort and simple substitution becomes a tool more powerful and dynamic than you might have imagined. This is the replacement of one item by another. • It is a relation in the wording rather than in the meaning. • This implies that as a general rule, the substitute item has some structural function as that for which it substitutes.

  4. POPOVA. : But didn't you tell him that since the death of my husband I've stopped receiving? • LUKA. :I did, but he wouldn't even listen; says that it's a very pressing affair. • Substitution here taken from “The bear” by Anton Chekhov, shows substitution used by Luka in his reply given to Popova when she asked him about the arrival of stubborn person who wants to get back his “one thousand and two hundred roubles “because he has been given oats to her deceased husband. • Here in the sentence Popova asked her ,has he not told him that he does not meet anyone since the death of her husband . • Luka replies but in concise and smart way when he says that “ I did” instead of saying yes I told him that her husband had died therefore she had stopped to receive anyone .Why he uses verbal substitution here because writer wants to bring forth coherence in the text moreover by the tongue of Luka he did so because he wanted to give her message abruptly and with respect . • If he uses complete sentence here it seems as if he were replying out of respect

  5. Substitution: substitution is the replacement of a word or phrase with a "filler" word (such as one, so, or do) to avoid repetition. • There are three general ways of substituting in a sentence:

  6. Substitution:

  7. Nominal Substitution • The most typical substitution words are: “one and ones” Ex: • Let's go and see the bears. • The polar ones are over on that rock. • This car is mine, but that one is yours.

  8. verbal substitution • In verbal substitution, the most common substitute is the verb “do” which is sometimes used in conjunction with “so” as in “do so” Ex: Did Mary take that letter? She might have done. • Do/do not and auxiliaries. • She can drive the car, but I cannot. • She wrote the homework , but I did not.

  9. Clausal Substitution • An entire clause is substituted by "So, not" Ex: • I believe so. • Everyone thinks he’s guilty. • If so, no doubt he’ll resign. • We should recognize him when we see him. Yes, but supposing not: what do we do?

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