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Developing a model to explain and stimulate the perception of sounds in three dimensions

Developing a model to explain and stimulate the perception of sounds in three dimensions. David Kraljevich and Chris Dove. Experimental Goal. Create a model describing how sound waves recorded at the position of the eardrum change depending on the location of their source.

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Developing a model to explain and stimulate the perception of sounds in three dimensions

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  1. Developing a model to explain and stimulate the perception of sounds in three dimensions David Kraljevich and Chris Dove

  2. Experimental Goal • Create a model describing how sound waves recorded at the position of the eardrum change depending on the location of their source. • Test the model by attempting to synthesize “directional” sounds and evaluate them subjectively.

  3. Sound, the Listener, and the Environment • Pressure waves • Diffraction and Reflection • Interference • Reverberation : Direct Field vs. Indirect Field From “A 3D Sound Primer” http://www.northwestern.edu/musicschool/classes/3D/pages/sndPrmGK.html#anchor509080

  4. Pressure waves

  5. Two researchers, Headphones, and a Brain: Winter experiments A sound arriving at the near ear is more intense and arrives earlier than the sound at the far ear. • The speed of sound at room temperature and 1atm is 343 m/s • At most, there will be a 0.7 to 0.8 ms difference between the time it takes to reach one ear and the other. • We also predict that they will usually arrive at different phases.

  6. Out of Phase Experiment Soundforge 4.5. 60 Hz stereo. 44100 samples/sec Right channel: slightly out of phase Results: perceived sound coming from the right!

  7. Zen Clock Experiment • Record “silence” • Record Bar Resonating • Spectral Analysis http://www.serenityhealth.com/zclok_burg.html

  8. Amplitude (dB) vs. time (samples) Amplitude (dB) vs. Frequency (Hz) (FFT)

  9. Signal vs Noise clock silence Frequency spectrum of “silent” recording. Computed with a Fast Fourier Transform using 4096 samples. No smoothing windows applied. RMS power = -52.30 dB

  10. Time-domain to frequency-domain Spectrum of 6500Hz sine wave Frequency spectra of piano and violin

  11. Will Include Phase differences Time differences Intensity differences May Include Spectral differences Won’t Include Psychological factors Head movement Moving sources Environmental cues -Reverberation Our Model

  12. Spring Research • Use of Binaural Head • Deeper exploration of Fourier analysis • Quantitative treatment of elevation

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