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. Excess sodium intake is a known risk factor for high blood pressure and CVD eventsAverage consumption in the US is far greater than recommended limitsThe majority of sodium consumed comes from processed and restaurant foodsPolicy and environmental changes are needed to quicken decreases in sodi
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1. Grantee MeetingSodium Reduction InitiativeSeptember 16, 2009
2. Excess sodium intake is a known risk factor for high blood pressure and CVD events
Average consumption in the US is far greater than recommended limits
The majority of sodium consumed comes from processed and restaurant foods
Policy and environmental changes are needed to quicken decreases in sodium intake Why Sodium Reduction?
3. 2005 Dietary Guideline recommendation:
<2,300 mg/day
“Specific Populations” recommended to consume ?1,500 mg/day:
Hypertensive
Black
Middle or Older American
“Specific Populations” = 70% of American adults
Average intake: 3,466 mg/day Why Sodium Reduction?
4. Sodium Chloride is the chemical name for salt
90% of the sodium we consume is in the form of salt
Other food additives contain sodium
Some amount of sodium is naturally occurring in foods Is it Salt or Sodium?
5. Generally, higher salt consumption means higher blood pressure
Sodium intake is related to:
levels of blood pressure
the incremental rise in blood pressure with age
the prevalence of hypertension across populations
Within the span of a few weeks, most people experience a reduction in blood pressure when salt intake is reduced Salt and High Blood Pressure
6. Relative Amounts of Dietary Sodium in the American Diet
7. Sample Food Label, U.S.
8. CDC Actions to Lower Sodium Consumption Ongoing CDC Sodium Workgroup
With representation from the DHDSP, DNPAO, DACH and the NCCDPHP
Science – scientific statements, expanding the literature
Surveillance
Evaluation – frameworks, special projects
Guidance to states – use of funding, evaluation, training
9. CDC Actions to Lower Sodium Consumption Ongoing Sodium Workgroup Continued
Communications
Communications Planning
Message Testing
Building Awareness
Partnerships (Building and expanding)
Connecting different parts of CDC on this issue
Coordination with other federal agencies
Connecting with existing partnerships
Expanding to new partnerships
10. CDC Actions to Lower Sodium Consumption Sponsoring IOM study
Lay the groundwork for action
Release rollout/ communications
Comment/testimony on sodium as GRAS, labeling
Consultation with WHO and others
Attend industry-sponsored meetings
Co-sponsor meetings
CSPI/ASTHO Sodium Reduction Meeting (2008)
CDC/ASTHO National Stakeholder Meeting (2009)
Public Health Law Symposium on Salt (2010)
11. CDC Actions to Lower Sodium Consumption CDC/ASTHO National Stakeholder Meeting
Lay the groundwork for action
Assess the landscape
Discuss big picture public health strategies
Consider potential actions
Discuss surveillance issues
12. 2009 Congressional Mandate “A diet high in sodium is a major cause of heart disease and stroke.
CDC is encouraged to work with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in their products.
The agency is directed to submit to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate an evaluation of its sodium-reduction activities by no later than 15 months after the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter.”
13. Potential Action Remove salt from GRAS list
Establish federal policy (e.g., at least 50% reduction within 10 years)
Procurement policies (federal, state, local, organizational)
Improved nutrition panel labeling
Front of package labeling
Menu labeling
14. For more information: Nicole Blair, Policy Team Lead
nblair@cdc.gov
770-488-5363
Janelle Peralez, Sodium Initiative Lead
jperalez@cdc.gov
770-488-8231
15. Blood Pressure* as a CVD risk Overall ˝ of heart and stroke*
Stroke 54%*
Heart Failure 50%**
Heart attack 25%**
Kidney failure 20%**
*Systolic blood pressure greater than 115 mmHg
** Hypertension Slide 7 shows the proportion of various different vascular diseases that are related to high blood pressure. Note that for some of them the risk is indicated for systolic blood pressure above 115 mm Hg, while for heart failure, heart attack and kidney failure the risk indicated on this slide is for the current definition of hypertension ( >140/90 mm Hg).Slide 7 shows the proportion of various different vascular diseases that are related to high blood pressure. Note that for some of them the risk is indicated for systolic blood pressure above 115 mm Hg, while for heart failure, heart attack and kidney failure the risk indicated on this slide is for the current definition of hypertension ( >140/90 mm Hg).