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Prehistoric Archaeology in Wyoming

Explore the chronology of prehistoric archaeology in Wyoming, from the Paleo-Indian to the Historic Period. Discover the Paleo-Indian period marked by cooler climates, ancient lakes, and glacier retreats, to the more diverse artifacts of the Archaic period. Uncover the Wyoming Plains Cultural Area with bison-centric societies and advanced fishing technologies. Learn about Wyoming tribes, traditional lands, and the impact of Europeans during the Historic Period. Dive into rock art, lithic scatter sites, and the unique features of Wyoming's rich archaeological history.

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Prehistoric Archaeology in Wyoming

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  1. Prehistoric Archaeology in Wyoming

  2. Chronology of Prehistoric Archaeology in Wyoming • Paleo-Indian (12,000 to 8000 Years B.P.) • Early Archaic (8000 to 5000 Years B.P.) • Middle Archaic (5000 to 2000 Years B.P.) • Late Archaic (2000 to 250 Years B.P.) • Historic Period

  3. Paleo-Indian Period • cooler and wetter climate • multiple lakes and large marshes • retreating glaciers • massive flood events • ice-free corridor • coastal route

  4. Paleo-Indian Period • Large projectile points Clovis Folsom Agate Angostura Alberta Eden Scottsbluff Basin

  5. Archaic (8000-250 Years Before Present) • Warmer and drier • Extinction of Pleistocene Mega-Fauna • Atlatl and arrow points • Greater reliance on plants • More diverse artifact assemblage and features • Gaming pieces, ceramics, adornment shells • Quarries and lithic work shops • Village sites, house pits, wickiups • Rock art • Anadromous fish (weirs, hooks, net weights) • Burials much more common

  6. Mummy cave - stratigraphy

  7. House pit

  8. Lithic scatter

  9. Site location

  10. Plains Culture

  11. Paleo – E. archaic Wyoming Plains Cultural Area • Large permanent village sites • Seasonal camps for hunting and gathering • River settlements • Bison-centric • Complex fishing technology • Canoes

  12. Wyoming Tribes- Traditional Lands

  13. Federally Recognized Tribes Wyoming Specific Traditional Lands Shoshone-Bannock Northern Ute Crow Cheyenne • Northern Arapaho • Eastern Shoshone

  14. Plains Cultural Area Arapaho Cheyenne Crow • Algonquian and Siouan language group • Mobile hunter and gatherers • Small summer campsites (family units) • Large winter encampments • Resource areas • Bison • Acorns and berries • Mountain game & fish • Lithics

  15. Lithic scatter

  16. Great Basin Cultural Area Northern Ute Eastern Shoshone • Mobile hunter and gatherers • Small summer campsites (family units) • Large winter encampments • Resource areas • Rabbit • Bison • Mountain game & fish • Lithics

  17. Historic Period • Contact with Europeans and their cultural materials • Horse • Firearms • Steel • European Diseases • Written History/ Ethnographers • Lewis and Clark • Early Fur Trade

  18. Lithic scatter

  19. Lithic scatter

  20. Devils Tower Arapaho Cheyenne Crow Kiowa Lakota

  21. Rock Art • Pictographs • Petroglyphs

  22. Rock Art – Shield

  23. Rock Art – Shield

  24. Natural Features of Cultural or Religious Significance

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