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Oceans and the Sea

Oceans and the Sea. Or: Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink…. How much water is there?. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKOmNGEi0DY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxF-PdnecXw. How much water is there?. 332,500,000 cubic miles all told.

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Oceans and the Sea

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  1. Oceans and the Sea Or: Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink…

  2. How much water is there? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKOmNGEi0DY • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxF-PdnecXw

  3. How much water is there? • 332,500,000 cubic miles all told. • That’s a sphere 860 miles in diameter (USGS)

  4. Creating a water budget • In the next several slides we will create what is known as a water budget. This will help us account for all of the water on Earth.

  5. Where is all of that water? • Lets list some places where we find water…

  6. Water budget • Create a “T” chart on the page in your notes. It will need to be about 9-10 lines tall and full width on your page.

  7. Water budget Location Percentage Oceans 96.5% Saline lakes and g.w. About 1% Fresh water 2.5% Numbers below are % of the fresh water. Glaciers and Ice Caps about 68% Lakes and rivers about .5 % Ground Water about 30% Soil moisture about .005% Atmosphere about .0001% Plants and Animals about .0001%

  8. Ocean water

  9. What makes Seawater… well… Seawater? • Seawater is salty. • This property is known as SALINITY. • The amount of dissolved solids in seawater. • Expressed in parts per thousand

  10. Rule of constant composition • This states that the major components of salt in the Oceans are the same all over the world • Do not be tempted to think that this means all seawater is equally salty across the globe.

  11. 6 Constant composition components • Chloride- Cl- 19.10g/1000g seawater • Sodium- Na+ 10.62 g/1000g seawater • Sulfate- SO4-2 2.66 g/1000g seawater • Magnesium- Mg+21.28 g/1000g seawater • Calcium- Ca+2 0.40 g/1000g seawater • Potassium- K+ 0.38 g/1000g seawater

  12. What else is dissolved in the Ocean? • Gasses • Oxygen and Nitrogen- the main gasses in seawater • Carbon Dioxide- while not a major component of the atmosphere, there is a large amount of it in seawater.

  13. Carbon Dioxide and the ocean • The ocean holds about 60% more Carbon Dioxide than the atmosphere • This means the ocean is a Carbon Sink • Capture and holds extra carbon dioxide • Since this gas traps and holds heat from the Sun, the ocean is important in helping to maintain Earth’s temperature

  14. Factors that change things • Warmer Temperatures • Less gas, more solids • Lower dissolved gas, higher salinity • Cooler Temperatures • More gas dissolved, less solids • Higher dissolved gas, lower salinity • Precipitation • More precipitation means lower salinity

  15. Seawater salinity at 10 m depth

  16. Cross section showing different salinity at different depths

  17. Where does salinity come from? • The salt in the ocean was once part of a rock. • These minerals weather out of the rocks and are carried to the sea. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSJggIWlH9w

  18. Ocean temperature • The ocean has layers with different temperatures • The layer where the temperature changes fastest is the Thermocline

  19. Temperature also effects • Much like with the mantle of the Earth, warm water is less dense than cold water • The heating and cooling of seawater drives some circulation in the ocean.

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