The Oceans And Local Climate

1. The Oceans And Local Climate Susan Howard Research Associate Earth & Space Research www.esr.org

2. Rice Heat Pack vs. Hot Water Bottle

3. Heating of Earth comes from Sun • This heating is UNEVEN • The uneven heating causes the air and ocean to MOVE • Because the earth is rotating, the motion CURVES Review!

4. Basic Atmospheric circulation

5. Basic Ocean Circulation

6. The Oceans And Local Climate Specific Heat Heat from Ocean Currents Upwelling/Downwelling

7. Definition: Specific heat is how much energy is needed raise the temperature of something. SpecificHeat HIGHthe specific heat: heats up and cools down SLOWLY. LOWthe specific heat: heats up and cools down QUICKLY.

8. Specific Heat of common things: Specific heat Which heat’s up the quickest?

9. Rice Heat Pack vs. Hot Water Bottle Has anyone changed their mind?

10. The oceans are WATER and have a HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT. They heat up slowly, but cool off slowly as well. Why do we care? Oceans have an AMAZING ability to store heat!

11. Take a look at another two locations at nearly the same latitude Nations Online Project: http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/usa_map.htm

12. Daily HiGH And low temperature www.unca.edu/~dmiller/Chapter%2003-Air%20Temperature.ppt‎

13. Average Jan Temperatures Seattle: High 47 F , Low 37F Bismarck: High 23 F , Low 2F From Weather channel: www.weather.com

14. The ocean tends to stores heat during the summer months, and slowly releases it during the winter. This is why coastal regions tend to have milder climates than areas that are far inland. Continental interiors, far from the ocean, experience greater extremes of temperature than coastal regions Winter Summer

15. Ocean Sea Surface Temperatures at Neah Bay

16. The ocean near Seattle helps to keep the temperature more even. From Weather channel: www.weather.com The lowest recorded temperature in Bismarck was -45°F The lowest recorded in Seattle temperature was 10°F

17. No Water, large extremesDesert day/night cycle movie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKzWxD0NRNo

18. Daily differences in heating & cooling in land vs water leads to on and offshore breezes! The windy coast – Ocean breezes explained! Night: Land cools down Day: Land heats up Ocean is Constant Ocean is Constant http://www.nc-climate.ncsu.edu/edu/k12/.breezes

19. Sea Breeze movie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ULgGOdoY8Q

20. The Oceans And Local Climate Specific Heat Heat from Ocean Currents Upwelling/Downwelling

21. Basic Ocean Circulation

22. Some of the currents are moving warm water – and some are moving cool water From http://tornado.sfsu.edu/geosciences/classes/m356/OceanCurrents/Global_currents.jpg

23. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu_Ga0JYFNg Current movie

24. North Pacific Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Map. Water temperature bulletin for the North Pacific on 13 April 2011. Credits: Mercator Ocean.

25. North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Map. North Atlantic sea surface temperature from satellites for January 2008. Source: NOC/UK Met-Office OSTIA data.

26. London, England Lets compare two place On the Atlantic Ocean. Halifax, Nova Scotia

27. Lets compare two places near the ocean • Halifax, Nova Scotia • Latitude 44.67o N • Average Jan temp • High 29oF • Low 13oF • London, England • Latitude 51.5072° N • Average Jan Temp • High 5ooF • Low 41oF

28. http://www.holiday-weather.com

29. Lets compare two place near the ocean

30. 2oC = 35.6 oF 10oC = 50 oF North atlanticTemperatuRe Map North Atlantic sea surface temperature from satellites for January 2008. Source: NOC/UK Met-Office OSTIA data.

31. The west coast has a different climate than the east, partly due to the ocean currents. http://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/ocean/sst/contour/

32. Gulf stream and Weather movie East Coast weather http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-zO8L66uyg

33. Current ocean temperAture IN THE Pacific Northwest 13oC = 55.4oF 9.7oC = 49.46oF

34. The Oceans And Local Climate Specific Heat Ocean currents Upwelling/downwelling

35. Upwelling and DOwnwelling Ocean Basics: Temperature is not constant with depth. The deeper you go, the colder it gets! Source: http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/qrb/2010_06/article_05.php

36. There are more nutrients in cold/deeper water LOW Nutrients HIGH Nutrients

37. Upwelling

38. Upwelling http://solspot.com/content/surf-articles/adam-wright/ocean-science-101-upwelling-downwelling-and-other-random-acts-of-shrinkage

39. Upwelling moving http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Al8WrXkLuL4

40. http://centerforoceansolutions.org/climate/impacts/ocean-circulation/http://centerforoceansolutions.org/climate/impacts/ocean-circulation/

41. http://agate.coas.oregonstate.edu/ocs/detailed_upwelling.htmlhttp://agate.coas.oregonstate.edu/ocs/detailed_upwelling.html http://agate.coas.oregonstate.edu/ocs/detailed_upwelling.html

42. Upwelling areas are highly productive areas! Although coastal upwelling regions account for only one percent of the ocean surface, they contribute roughly 50 percent of the world's fisheries landings. NOAA: http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02quest/background/upwelling/upwelling.html

43. soMETIMES, WE GET DOWNWELLING TOO SOURCE: http://www.naylamp.dhn.mil.pe/enlaces/afloramiento_costero.htm

44. Upwelling & downwellinginfluence : • Temperature • Fishing • Weather patterns

45. The Oceans And Local Climate Specific Heat: land and ocean differences coastal climate is milder: warmer in winter/cooler in summer Heat from Ocean Currents affects a region’s climate Upwelling/Downwelling affects temperature as well fish habitat.