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Review Topic for Final

Review Topic for Final. Chapter 1. Five components of a computer Input Device Output Device System Unit Storage Device Communications Device Advantages of using computers Speed Reliability Consistency Storage Communications. Chapter 1. Disadvantages of using computers Health Risks

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Review Topic for Final

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  1. Review Topic for Final

  2. Chapter 1 • Five components of a computer • Input Device • Output Device • System Unit • Storage Device • Communications Device • Advantages of using computers • Speed • Reliability • Consistency • Storage • Communications

  3. Chapter 1 • Disadvantages of using computers • Health Risks • Violation of Privacy • Public Safety • Impact on Labor Force • Impact on Environment • What is Green computing? • Software (Program) • System Software • Operating System • Utility Program • Application Software

  4. Chapter 1 • Seven categories of computers • Personal computers • Mobile computers and mobile devices • Game consoles • Servers • Mainframes • Supercomputers • Embedded computers • Elements of an Information System • Hardware, Software, Data, People, Procedures

  5. Chapter 2 • What is internet addresses? • IP address  72.14.207.99 • Domain name  www.au.edu • The World Wide Web (WWW) or Web • A Web site contains related web pages • A Web browser used to access and view Web pages • Internet Explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, Opera • A URL or Web address • http://www.au.edu

  6. Chapter 2 • Many different types of Web sites are • Portal, News, Informational, Business/Marketing, Blog, Wiki, Online Social Network, Educational, Entertainment, Advocacy, Web Application • Multimedia on the Web • Graphics, Animation, Audio, Video • Five major steps in Web publishing • Plan a Web site • Analyze and design a Web site • Create a Web site • Deploy a Web site • Maintain a Web site

  7. Chapter 2 • Three types of e-commerce • Business-to-consumer (B2C) • Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) • Business-to-business (B2B) • Other Internet Services • E-mail • Mailing Lists • Instant Messaging • Chat Rooms • VoIP • Newsgroups and Message Boards • FTP

  8. Chapter 3 • Application Software • Packaged software • Custom software • Web application • Open source software • Shareware • Freeware • Public-domain software • Business Software • Word Processing • Spreadsheet • Database

  9. Chapter 3 • Business Software • Presentation • Note Taking • Personal Information Manager • Business Software for Phones • Business Software Suites • Project Management • Accounting • Document Management • Enterprise Computing Software • Graphics and Multimedia Software • Web Applications

  10. Chapter 3 • Application Software for Communications • E-Mail • Instant Messaging • Chat Room • Text, Picture, Video Messaging • Blogging • Newsgroup/Message Board • FTP • VoIP • Video Conferencing • Learning Tools for Application Software • Online Help, Web-based training (WBT), Distance learning (DL)

  11. Chapter 4 • System Unit includes • Drive bay(s) • Power supply • Sound card • Video card • Processor • Memory • Motherboard is the main circuit board of the system unit • Processor (CPU) contain • Control unit • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) • Registers

  12. Chapter 4 • Parallel processing • Massively parallel processing  Supercomputers such as artificial intelligence and weather forecasting • Binary system (0, 1) • 8 bits form a byte • A byte represents a single character • ASCII vs Unicode • Volatile memory  RAM • Nonvolatile memory  ROM, flash memory, CMOS • Memory cache stores frequently used instructions and data

  13. Chapter 4 • Expansion slot hold adapter card • Ports and Connectors • USB port • Firewire port • Bluetooth port • SCSI port • eSATA port • IrDA port • Serial port • MIDI port • Buses and Bays

  14. Chapter 5 • Input Device • Keyboard  Ergonomic keyboard • Pointing Device • Mouse • Trackball • Touchpad • Pointing Stick • Touch Screen • Microsoft Surface • Touch-sensitive pads • Pen Input • Stylus or Digital pen

  15. Chapter 5 • Game Controllers • Gamepads, Joysticks and Wheels, Light guns, Dance pads, Motion-sensing controllers • Digital Cameras • Studio cameras • Field cameras • Point-and-shoot camera • Voice Input  Voice Recognition • Video Input • Digital Video Camera  Web cam • Video Conference

  16. Chapter 5 • Scanners • Flatbed • Pen or Handheld • Sheet-fed • Drum • Optical character recognition (OCR)  Turnaround document • Optical mark recognition (OMR)  Answer sheet • MICR (magnetic ink character recognition)  Bank Check • Barcode reader • RFID reader • Magnetic stripe card readers

  17. Chapter 5 • Biometric Input Device • Fingerprint reader • Face recognition system • Hand geometry system • Voice verification system • Signature verification system • Iris recognition system • Retinal scanners

  18. Chapter 5 • Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users • Keyguard • Keyboards with larger keys • On-screen keyboard • Various pointing devices • Head-mounted pointer • Gesture recognition • Computerized implant devices

  19. Chapter 6 • Output Device : • Display Devices • LCD monitor • Plasma monitor • CRT monitor • Printers • Impact printers • Dot-matrix printer • Line printer • Nonimpact printers • Ink-jet printers, Photo printers, Laser printers, Thermal printers, Mobile printers, Label and postage printers, Plotters, Large-format printers

  20. Chapter 6 • Speakers, Headphones, Earbuds • Other output devices • Data projectors • Interactive whiteboards • Force-feedback game controllers • Tactile output • Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users • Display word instead of sound  hearing-impaired users • Increase text size or change text color  Visually impaired users • Voice output, Braille Printers  blind users

  21. Chapter 7 • Storage Devices: • Hard Disks • longitudinal recording  aligned the magnetic particles horizontally • perpendicular recording  aligned the magnetic particles vertically • Characteristics of a hard disk include • Capacity • Platters • Read/Write Heads • Cylinders • Sectors and Tracks • Revolutions per Minute • Transfer Rate, Access Time

  22. Chapter 7 • RAID  group of two or more integrated hard disks • A network attached storage (NAS) device • External hard disks • Removable hard disks • Pocket hard drives • Several types of hard disk interfaces • USB • FireWire • SATA - (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) • EIDE – (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics) • SCSI – (Small Computer System Interface) • SAS – (Serial-attached SCSI)

  23. Chapter 7 • Flash Memory Storage • Solid state drives (SSDs) • Memory cards • USB flash drives • ExpressCard modules • Cloud Storage • Optical Discs • CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW • DVD-ROM • Blu-ray Disc-ROM • Other Types of Storage • Tape, Magnetic stripe cards and smart cards, Microfilm and microfiche, Enterprise storage

  24. Chapter 8 • System Software • Operating systems • Utility programs • Operating systems perform similar functions: • Start and shut down a computer • Provide a user interface • Configure devices • Cold boot vs Warm boot • Boot drive, boot disk, recovery disk • Sleep mode  save any open docs/programs to RAM then place the computer in a low-power state • Hibernate  save any open docs/programs to a hard disk then remove power from the computer

  25. Chapter 8 • User Interface • Graphical user interface (GUI) • Command-line interface • Preemptive multitasking  OS interrupts a program that is executing and passes control to another program waiting to be executed • Memory management  the use of virtual memory • Types of Operating Systems • Stand-Alone Operating Systems  Windows 7, Mac OS X, UNIX, Linux • Server Operating Systems  Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Solaris, NetWare • Embedded Operating Systems  Windows Phone 7, iPhone OS, Google Android, BlackBerry, Symbian OS

  26. Chapter 8 • Utility Programs • File manager  Windows Explorer • Search utility • Image viewer  Windows Photo Viewer • Uninstaller • Disk cleanup utility • Disk defragmenter • Backup utility • Restore utility • Screen saver • Personal firewall • Spyware remover • Adware remover

  27. Chapter 8 • Utility Programs • Filters • Web filtering software • Anti-spam programs • Phishing filters • Pop-up blockers • File compression utility  WinZip, PKZIP • Media player  Windows Media Player, iTunes • Disc burning software • Personal computer maintenance utility

  28. Chapter 9 • Uses of Computer communications • Wireless messaging services • Text messaging (SMS) • Picture messaging • Video messaging • Wireless instant messaging • Wireless Internet access points • Hot spots  Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth • Mobile wireless networks  3G, 4G • Global positioning system (GPS) • Groupware • Voice mail

  29. Chapter 9 • Uses of Computer communications • Collaborative software  Microsoft Office Live Meeting, Google Wave, WebEX • E-mail • Document management systems  Google Docs • Web services  often used in businesses because departments can communicate with each other, suppliers, vendors, and with clients • Communicate by sending XML (Extensible Markup Language) files to web services

  30. Chapter 9 • Networks • Local area network (LAN) • Wireless LAN (WLAN) • Metropolitan area network (MAN) • Wide area network (WAN) • Network architecture • Client/server network • Peer-to-peer network • P2P or File sharing network • Examples of Networking software that support P2P are BitTorrent, Kazaa, LimeWire

  31. Chapter 9 • Network topology (layout of computers and devices in communication network) • Star Network • Bus Network • Ring Network • Intranet vs Extranet • Network standard • Ethernet, Token ring, TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, UWB (ultra-wide band), IrDA, RFID, WiMAX, WAP (wireless application protocol) • Communications Over Telephone Network • Dial-up lines • Dedicated line • ISDN line (Integrated Services Digital Network)

  32. Chapter 9 • Communications Over Telephone Network • DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) • FTTP (Fiber to the premises) • T-carrier line • ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) • ADSL (Asymmetric digital subscriber line) • Communications Devices • Dial-up modem • DSL modem • Cable modem • Wireless modem • Network card • Routers, Hubs, Switches

  33. Chapter 9 • Communications Channel • Latency  For best performance, latency should be low • Transmission media • Broadband media • Physical Transmission Media • Twisted-Pair Cable • Coaxial Cable • Fiber-Optic Cable • Wireless Transmission Media • Cellular radio • Microwaves • Communications satellite

  34. Chapter 10 • Database  collection of data organized for access, retrieval, and use of that data • Database software or database management system (DBMS) • Data integrity identifies the quality of the data • Valuable information should have these characteristics: • Accurate • Verifiable • Timely • Organized • Accessible • Useful • Cost-effective

  35. Chapter 10 • The Hierarchy of Data • Organized in layers • A field is the smallest unit of data • Field name  Student ID, First Name, Last Name • Field size  Student ID field contains 6 characters • Data type  Text, Numeric, Currency, Date • A record is a group of related fields • A primary key  a field that uniquely identifies each record • Maintaining Data • Add, Modify, Delete records

  36. Chapter 10 • File processing system (disadvantages) • Data redundancy • Isolated data • Database approach (advantages) • Reduce data redundancy • Improve data integrity • Share data • Allows easier access • Reduces development time • Database approach (disadvantages) • More vulnerable than data in file processing systems

  37. Chapter 10 • Database management system (DBMS) • Data dictionary • A query • Query languages, Query by example, forms, report generators • Access privileges • Techniques to restore the database • A backup • Log • Recovery utility • Continuous backup

  38. Chapter 10 • DBMS is usually based on one data model • Relational database • Each row has a primary key • Each column has a unique name • Has relationship between tables • use SQL to manage, update, and retrieve data • Object-Oriented database • Multidimensional database  data warehouse • Database Administration • Database Analyst (DA) or data modeler • Database Administrator (DBA)

  39. Chapter 11 • Cybercrime  perpetrators are: • Hackers • Crackers • Script Kiddies • Corporate Spies • Unethical employees • Cyberextortionists • Cyberterrorists • Internet and Network Attacks • Computer Virus • Worm • Trojan Horse • Rootkit

  40. Chapter 11 • The symptoms of infected computers • Common way computers become infected is through opening infected e-mail attachments • Antivirus program  update virus definition regularly • Botnet  a group of compromised computers connected to a network • Denial of service attack (DoS attack) • Back door • Spoofing • Firewall and intrusion detection software can protect a network’s resources from intrusion

  41. Chapter 11 • Unauthorized access and use • Access Controls : identification and authentication • Usernames and passwords • Possessed objects • Biometric devices • Security measures to reduce hardware theft? • Software theft • Software piracy • Information theft • Encryption • Digital signature

  42. Chapter 11 • Security techniques to prevent information theft • Digital Certificates • Transport Layer Security (TLS) • Secure HTTP • VPN • Factors that lead to system failure • Surge protectors and UPS can help protect from system failures caused by electrical power variations • Backups • Full backup • Selective backup

  43. Chapter 11 • How to improve security of wireless networks? • Wireless access point should not broadcast SSID • Change default SSID • Configure a WAP for certain devices only • Use WPA or WPA2 security standard • Health Concerns of Computer Use • Ethics and Society • Information accuracy • Intellectual property rights • Codes of conduct • Green computing • Information privacy

  44. Chapter 14 • Types of enterprises • Retail, Manufacturing, Service, Wholesale, Government, Educational, Transportation • Four categories of users in an enterprise • Executive Management • Middle Management • Operational Management • Nonmanagement Employees • Tools and techniques used by managers for decision-making process • Business intelligence (BI) • Business process management • Business process automation

  45. Chapter 14 • Managers coordinate resources by performing four activities; • Planning  Organizing  Leading  Controlling • Information Systems in the enterprise • Accounting software • Billing software • Financial software • Human resources information system (HRIS) • Employee relationship management systems • Computer-aided design (CAD) • Computer-aided engineering (CAE) • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) • Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

  46. Chapter 14 • Information Systems in the enterprise • Material Requirements Planning (MRP) • Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II) • Quality control system • Marketing information system • Sales force automation (SFA) • Distribution systems • Customer interaction management (CIM)

  47. Chapter 14 • General purpose information systems  used by one or more functional units • Office Information System • Transaction Processing System • Management Information System • Decision Support System  executive information system • Expert System : knowledge base, inference rules • Integrated information systems • Customer relationship management (CRM) system • Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system • Content management system (CMS)

  48. Chapter 14 • Some technologies used in enterprise • Portal • Data warehouses • Electronic data interchange • Extranet • Web services • Document management systems • Workflow • Virtual private networks • Server virtualization and Storage virtualization • Cloud computing and Grid computing

  49. Chapter 14 • Enterprise hardware • Redundant array of independent disks (RAID) • Network attached storage (NAS) • Storage area network (SAN) • Blade server • Thin client • Requirements for enterprise hardware include • High availability • Scalability • Interoperability • Backup Procedures • Full, differential, incremental, selective, continuous

  50. Chapter 14 • Disaster recovery plan contains • Emergency plan  specifies steps to be taken immediately after a disaster strikes • Backup plan  specifies how to resume information processing, should specify location of alternate computer facility • Recovery plan  specifies actions to be taken to restore full information processing • Test plan  contains information for simulating various levels of disasters (the best is to simulate without advance notice)

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