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The Multi-object APO Radial-Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS) with the SDSS Telescope

The Multi-object APO Radial-Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS) with the SDSS Telescope . Jian Ge, University of Florida Steering Committee Members: E. Ford, E. Agol, S. Guadi, S. Seager, H. Ford & D. Schneider

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The Multi-object APO Radial-Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS) with the SDSS Telescope

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  1. The Multi-object APO Radial-Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS) with the SDSS Telescope Jian Ge, University of Florida Steering Committee Members:E. Ford, E. Agol, S. Guadi, S. Seager, H. Ford & D. Schneider Other MARVELS team members: D. Lin, S. Ida, T. Beers, J. Valenti, S. Hawley, & J. Johnson UF Staff and Postdocs: S. Mahadevan, X. Wan, B. Zhao, J. Groot, B. Lee, S. Kane, M.C. Galvez, C. Werner, J. Liu, H. Zhou & Z. Chen UF Grads: J. van Eyken, P. Guo, S. Fleming, J. Crepp, R. Cohen, & J. Wang Collaborators: G. Henry, W. Cochran, L. Ramsey, D. Montes, E. Martin, F. Leger, S. Snedden, K. Pan, D. Long, S. Shaklan, T. Wang, Y. Wei & J. Zhou

  2. Status of Planet Theory and Observations Ida & Lin, 2004

  3. W.M. Keck Exoplanet Tracker (Keck ET) ET fibers II. Innovative multi-object Doppler dispersed fix-delay interferometer technique III. Flexibility of SDSS fiber plugging: adding more ET instruments and/or other survey instruments (such as APOGEE and BOSS ) SDSS fibers Three Key Technical Elements Enabling MARVELS I. Wide field of view of the SDSS telescope: 7 square degree

  4. Schematic Layout for an ET Doppler Instrument Fringes Telescope Iodine Cell HET Fibers Fiber Dispersed Fringes Medium resolution spectrograph R=5000-10,000 Detector Erskine & Ge (2000), Ge et al. (2002), Ge (2002)

  5. Stellar Absorption Line fringes and Doppler sensitivity Doppler shift: V 

  6. Observations of HD 209458 Field with Keck ET in Dec. 2006, 59 fringe spectra of MS stars with V = 7.6-12.2 • ~750 stars are being surveyed at the SDSS telescope since Nov. 06

  7. ~1000 square degree of sky coverage, mainly along Galactic plane • ~33 RV measurements over 1.5 years per field MARVELS Baseline: • Simultaneous 120 object high precision RV measurements with two Keck ET interferometric spectrographs in the optical (0.5-0.6 m) with R=8000 • 10,000 FGK dwarfs and subgiants with V=8-12 & 3,000 G and K giants with V=8-11 in 2008-2014, minimal metallicity and age bias • ~10 m/s for a V=11 FGK dwarfs in an hour • >200 new planets around FGK dwarfs, ~11 transit planets, ~40 planets around giant stars, ~20 planets around active/young stars • Detect > 50% Jupiter mass planets at 1 year orbit

  8. V Magnitude Exploration Regime for MARVELS

  9. MARVELS vs. Other Planned Big Surveys in the Next Decade

  10. Artistic impression of ET-1 planet The first extrasolar planet (ET-1, HD 102195, V=8.1, G8V) detected by Exoplanet Tracker (ET) with KPNO 0.9m Coude (Ge et al. 2006) K=63.4 m/s, P=4.11 days, Msini=0.49 Msun, e=0.064, a=0.049 AU

  11. rms =5.3 m/s, photon limiting error =4.1 m/s • long term stability = 3.3 m/s over 1 month KPNO ET Doppler Precision and Long Term Stability • rms =2.5 m/s, photon limiting error =1.9 m/s

  12. Confirmed Known Planets by Keck ET at the SDSS Telescope in 2006-2007 HD 118203, V=8.14, K0 HD 209458, V=7.7, G0V

  13. Keck ET Doppler Precision and Long Term Stability Dec. 06– Mar. 07 (70 days) Sept – Oct 06 (45 days) • Photon limiting precision ~ 6 m/s • Long term stability ~ 10 m/s over ~2 months

  14. Part of RV Measurements in November 2006 and February 2007

  15. V=11.39 Two Planet Candidates from the SDSS ET Pilot Survey in November 2006 V=10.59

  16. The Full-scale MARVELS survey Six 60-object optical ET for F,G and K stars Fiber couplers One 10-object Red ET for M dwarfs One 15-object optical EXPERT for FGK dwarfs Sloan focal plane • Search ~40,000 nearby bright F, G, K stars (V< 13) over ~1000 square deg of sky • Detect all planets with periods < 18 months and identify planet candidates with longer periods • Detect >500 planets, >50 transit planets • In the Red (0.7-1.0 m), search ~1,200 M dwarfs for ~50 terrestrial like planets including habitable planets • In the optical (0.38-0.6 m), detect ~100 super earth mass planets around 1,500 F,G,K dwarfs

  17. Star and Planet Mass Exploration Regime for MARVELS

  18. Detection of Earth-like short period planets with MARVELS-EXPERT instrument in optical • 2 Earth mass planet, 2.2 day period around a solar type star, K= 1m/s • = 1m/s, 60 measurements, clear detection with 0.1% FAP

  19. Holy grail region for red ET survey! Red RV Red Multi-object ET Survey of M Dwarfs with 0.2-0.5 solar mass • ~5 m/s for M0V-M5V dwarfs with I =10 in an hour • ~7-20 earth mass habitable planets 10 m/s detection limit Courtesy of Seager and Valenti Habitable Zones around M0V-M5V are at 0.1-0.5 AU

  20. Three Phases for MARVELS • Phase I: feasibility study with a prototype, 2004-2005: • first light at Sloan in Mar. Apr. 2005, completed • Phase II, trial and pilot survey program, 2006-2008: • 1st Keck ET instrument with 59 star capability, 470 stars are being surveyed • 2nd Keck ET instrument with 60 star capability, August 2007, • ~3,000 stars during bright time in 2006-2008, ~ 30 planets Clone two optical spectrographs (need funds) Red multi-object ET and EXPERT (need funds) • Phase III, the MARVELS survey (2008-2014) • The initial survey starts with 120 object capability • A goal is to have a total of 360 star capability with six full-scale optical ETs, one Red ET and one EXPERT • ~40,000 stars, >500 planets

  21. Future Precision Planet Theory and Observation Studies

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