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United States 1865-1901

Explore the industrialization of the United States between 1865 and 1901, examining factors that promoted industry, such as population growth, new inventions, and natural resources. Understand the causes and consequences of industrialization, including the impact on rural America and the rise of New York City as an industrial center. Discover the role of natural resources, a large workforce, free enterprise, and new inventions in driving the industrial revolution. Learn about the expansion of railroads and their influence on immigration and the labor force.

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United States 1865-1901

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  1. United States1865-1901 The Rise of Industry

  2. Why it Matters • Industrialization of the United States took off after the conclusion of the Civil War • Many factors promoted industry: increased population, new inventions and technology and abundance of natural resources. • Govt. encourage growth

  3. The United States Industrializes • United States largely a farming country during civil war. • 30 million total population, only 1.3 involved in industry • Industry rapidly increased after the civil war and by the early 1900’s the United States was the leading industrial nation in the world • Gross National Product (GNP): value of all goods and services produced

  4. Rural America

  5. Industrialized AmericaNew York City: 1900

  6. Causes of Industrialization • Natural Resources • Large Workforce • Free Enterprise (Govt involvement) • New Inventions

  7. Natural Resources • Natural Resources were abundant in the United States. • Water, Timber, Coal, Iron, Copper • American companies could obtain these products quickly and cheaply • Petroleum (oil) was the biggest resource found in U.S. • Oil fields range from Pennsylvania to Texas in the 1900’s

  8. Natural Resources

  9. Large Workforce • Large Human resources • Population tripled between 1860 and 1910 • Two causes for population growth • Large Families • Immigration • 20 million immigrants arrived in the Untied states during this time period.

  10. Ellis Island

  11. Free Enterprise • Many people believed that the government should not interfere in the economy • Laissez-faire: (French) let people do as they do • Large profits motivated many people to become entrepreneurs • Entrepreneurs: people who risk their capital in organizing and running a business. • Govt. had little involvement in industry, including taxes employee wages and prices.

  12. New Inventions • A flood of important inventions helped increase the nation’s productivity, transportation and communication. • Alexander Graham Bell: Telephone • American Telephone and Telegraph Corporation form in 1877 • Thomas Edison: Light bulb • Edison General Electric Company form 1889

  13. Inventions

  14. Railroads • 35,000 miles of railroad track, (East of Mississippi River) before civil war. • After civil war railroads expanded to all parts of the United States (Over 200,000 miles of track) • Pacific Railway Act: Signed by Lincoln 1862 • Union Pacific Rail Company • Central Pacific Rail Company • Goal was to create a transcontinental railroad

  15. Railroads cont. • Many immigrants found work on the railroads • Central Pacific company hired 10,000 workers from China • Irish immigrants worked the railroads • Other workers included • Civil war veterans • Frustrated miners and farmers • Adventurers • Ex-convicts

  16. Union and Central Pacific joined in Ogden, Utah

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