1 / 60

Introduction to Virology: Understanding Viruses, their Structure, and Life Cycles

Explore the world of virology, from the basics of viruses to their complex structures and life cycles. Learn about viral replication, classification, host affinity, and the differences between lytic and lysogenic cycles. Discover how viruses infect animals, plants, and bacteria, and the mechanisms of viral attachment, entry, and release. Dive into the fascinating realm of viral biosynthesis, assembly, and release, and understand viral damage, transmission, and latency.

rkroeger
Download Presentation

Introduction to Virology: Understanding Viruses, their Structure, and Life Cycles

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Virology Introduction to the viruses

  2. Edward Jenner • Vaccinations • Cowpox • cross protection against small pox • Variola virus • Major • Blisters • Blindness • Death • Minor • Poxviridae • dsDNA

  3. Viruses • Define • Classification • Group • NA • Family • -viridae • Genus • -virus • Species • Name

  4. Host Affinity • Specific • Host • Cell type • General • Examples • Bacteriophage • Viroid (plant)

  5. Host Range: Plants

  6. Host Range: Bacteria

  7. Host Range: Animals

  8. Animal Virus Examples

  9. Viral Culture • Culture • Bacteria • Chick Embryos • Cell/Tissue • Purified • Assays • Hemagglutination • Plaque

  10. Viral Characteristics • Acellular • Infectious • Phases • Extracellular • Intracellular • Viron structure • Nucelocapsid • Capsid • NA • +/- Envelope

  11. Viral Morphology • Size • 10-400 nm • Structural components • Nucleocapsid • Envelope (+/-) • Classifications • NA • ss or ds

  12. Size

  13. Viral Capsid • Function • Protect NA • Aids in transfer to host • Structure • Protein coat • Capsomere arrange • Helical • Polyhedral • Complex

  14. Polyhedral Capsids

  15. Capsomeres are capsid subunits

  16. Naked vs. Enveloped Viruses

  17. Viral Envelope • Presence • Enveloped • Naked (non-enveloped) • Location • Surrounds capsid • Source • Host plasma membrane • Nuclear membrane • Endoplasmic reticulum • Components • Phospholipid • Proteins • Glycoprotein spikes (+/-) • Examples • Influenza • Rabies • Herpes • HIV

  18. Envelope Glycoprotein Spikes

  19. Viral NA • DNA OR RNA • Shape • Circular • Linear • Number • One • Or more • Strands • ss • ds • + or - if RNA

  20. Viral Classification • dsDNA • Small pox • Herpes • Papilloma • ssDNA • Parvo • dsRNA • Rotavirus • +ssRNA • Polio • Rhino • Corona • -ssRNA • Measles, mumps • Rabies • Influenza • Retroviruses • HIV

  21. Bacteriophage Life Cycle • Lytic • Attach and entry • Synthesis • Assembly • Lysis • Lysogenic • Attach and entry • NA in chromosome • Binary fission • Renters lytic phase • Synthesis • Assembly • Lysis

  22. Lytic

  23. Bacteriophage Lytic Cycle animation

  24. Lysogenic

  25. Specialized Transduction

  26. Bacteriophage Cycle

  27. Phage Cycle Summary

  28. Viral Replication Differences

  29. Viral Infections

  30. Replication of Animal Viruses • Attach • Entry • Direct Penetration • Membrane fusion • Endocytosis • Uncoating • Synthesis • Assembly • Release

  31. Viral Attachment

  32. Direct

  33. Endocytosis vs. Membrane Fusion

  34. Release of Genome (uncoating) Influenza Virus Endosome formation pH drop due to H+ pump Fusion peptide to PM Conformational change Release of NA Adenovirus uncoating

  35. NA synthesis • dsDNA: usual replication (for most) • ssDNA • complementary strand • Normal replication • dsRNA • + strand = mRNA • Template and copy • +ssRNA • + strand = mRNA • Complimentary strand for template • -ssRNA • Viral enzymes make + strand • Template for mRNA and -ss • Retroviruses • +ssRNA (mRNA to make DNA) • Reverse transcriptase • DNA is template for new +ssRNA

  36. DNA Virus Biosynthesis

  37. RNA Virus

  38. Retroviruses

  39. Viral Assembly • DNA • Nucleus • Moves to cytoplasm • RNA • cytoplasm

  40. Use of ER and Golgi Herpes

  41. Viral Release • Types • Budding • Acquire membranes • envelope • Exocytosis • Lysis • Latency

  42. Budding

  43. Viral Exocytosis

  44. Viral Lysis

  45. Viral Damage

  46. Viral Transmission

  47. Acute vs. Latent

More Related