The Future of Korean Dam Construction and SEA

1. The Future of Korean Dam Construction and SEA Jeong-min, Yee Pil-jung, Mun Cheol-jin, Kim Sung-woo, Lee

2. Contents Ⅰ Overview of Water & Dams Ⅱ SEA of DCLP Ⅲ SEA Results Ⅳ Conclusion

3. Regions with limited water supply during previous drought Water shortage of regions(2011) Ⅰ. Overview of Water & Dams 1. Water Shortage of South Korea Source : MOCT, National Water Resources Plan, 2006.7)

4. 2. Flood Damages in Korea Source : MOCT, National Water Resources Plan, 2006.7)

5. 3. Present Dam Status 16 Multipurpose dams being managed - Water supply :10.8 billion tons/yr - Flood control : 2.4 billion tons - Electricity : 2.5GW (66.9% of total waterpower in Korea) 4 Dams under construction • Multipurpose dams : 3 • Flood detention dam : 1 18,000 agricultural dams being managed

6. 4. Cases of Complication over Dam Project

7. 4. SWOT Analysis of Dam Status Threat Opportunity • Social complication involved in dam construction • Decrease of water demand • Deficiency of dam site • New dam responding to incre-asing floods • Recreational and leisure dem- and increase • Preference of dam increase Weakness Strength • Ecological disturbance • Relocation of residents • Lack of social concensus • Unsatisfactory compensation • Positive recognition about dam’s role and contribution • Relief from administrative restr-aint of dam’s upstream areas • Economic support for dam area

8. Legal basis Purpose Time of execution Ⅱ. SEA for DCLP 1. Background and Legal Basis • Regulation for Strategic Environmental Assessment (Directive of Ministry of Construction and Transportation, Dec. 2004) • Sustainable development of national land through assessment of propriety and environmental soundness concerning Dam Construction Longterm Plan(DCLP) • Prior to confirmation of plan(the 4th article)

9. The Process and Relation between DCLP and SEA PROCESS OF DCLP SEA Kickoff of DCLP alteration (Jun. 2004) National Water Resources Plan (under revision), (Dec. 2005) Dam sites research Study for policy reformation • Efficiency maximization of existing water resources facilities • Demand management • Auxiliary water resources Enactment of SEA directive(MOCT)(Dec.2004) Scoping by SEA committee (Dec.2005) Addition of SEA work (Dec. 2005) • Comprehensive Watershed Flood Control Plan • (April. 2006~) • Water Service Plan (Alteration)(July.2005) Dam sites investigation (May. 2005) Draw up check lists Field survey for environmental assessment (Feb. 2006~Sep. 2006) Dam sites review Study for policy reformation 1st Advisory meeting (May. 2006) SEA report(draft) National Water Resources Plan(revised)(Jun. 2006) Advisory group meeting (Jul. 2006) DCLP(alteration) draft 2nd Advisory meeting (Oct.2006) Public hearing (April. 2006) Opinion collection from local and central governmental bodies SEA final report Deliberation by SEA committee(May. 2007) DCLP(alteration) final Deliberation by Central River Managerial Committee DCLP confirmation

10. The flow of dam sites selection 2. Selecting Alternatives Upper&Relevant Plans Preliminary Review Field survey Environmental Survey Dam candidates • New Dam • 163 sites • Rehabilitation • 14 sites • Multipurpose dam • 3 sites • Water supply dam • 1 site • Alternatives • 10sites Water short area On NWRP • Auxiliary water • resources • Dam candidates • (267sites) • Other agencies data • (Agricultural dam • 17,956sites) Development Limiting condition Technical, economic, envrionmental feasibility Geography,tourism, Cultural assets, Mines, River environment Watershed Flood control plan Detention dam 4sites Existing DCLP (2001~2011) Multipurpose dam 1site

11. Suip 1,2 N East sea Subject Areas for SEA Dal 1,2 Bocheong 1,2 Gohyun, Hwengye Yellow sea Im,Mansu Field survey for EA • Newly selected dam alternatives 10sites • Already planned dams, agricultural dams, • other plan’s dams were excluded Subject areas

12. Geography, Landscape Overview of the Sites Duta Pond Shilsang Temple

13. Threatened Species 17 13 fish fowl 9 mammal 6 plant 4 2 1 1 0 (species) 20 18 18 Viola websteri 16 14 12 10 8 Eurasian Otter 6 4 2 0 S1 S2 D1 D2 IM MS GH HG B1 B2 North Han River South Han River Nam River Geumho River Bocheong River Hemibarbus mylodon

14. Geum River Bocheong(Bocheong1, 2) • Both rankedbelow average (Bocheong 1 < Bocheong 2) Assessment of Ecological Value Han River Nakdong River North Han River(Suip1,2) Nam River(Im, Mansu) • Ranked relatively high(Suip 1 = Suip 2) • Im ranked average, Mansu ranked above average (Im < Mansu) South Han River (Dal 1, 2) Geumho River(Gohyun, Hwengye) • Dal ranked average, Dal 2 ranked above average (Dal 1 <Dal 2) • Both ranked below average (Gohyun < Hwengye)

15. Water Quality Water quality table 2.5 Water Sampling BOD 2.0 BOD mg/L 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 S1 S2 D1 D2 IC MS GH HG B1 B2 North Han River South Han River Nam River Geum-ho River Boche- ong Stream

16. Environmental Risk South Han River D1 D2 • Deserted mines scattered in upstream areas • No heavy metals detected in water mine distribution

17. Ⅲ. SEA Results 1. Dam Locating Priority Alternative comparison • 4 sites of alternatives groups divided by watershed(colored) were prioritzed by each assessment result

18. Dam construction process 2. Following Assessment Settingup DCLP : the dam constructing and regional supporting law : Regulation for SEA(MOCT directive) Conceptual stage SEA Pre feasibility audit (Ministry of planning and budget) : the budget and financial law Research stage : the construction Technology Manangement law Feasibility investigation Pre environmental review : Environmental policy law(article 25) Consult with ME  : before confirmation of general plan : the dam constructing and regional supporting law Notice of General plan Design stage : the construction Technology Manangement law Basic design : the construction Technology Manangement law Execution design EIA : environment, traffic, disaster, etc assessment law Consult with ME : before confirmation of execution plan Notice of execution plan : the dam constructing and regional supporting law Construction stage Construction

19. Following Assessment General assessment items in dam construction project ●: 1st gradeditems ●: 2nd graded items Assessment Methodology • Impact assessment and mitigation measures consideration • Impact assessment : screening model → sophisticated model • Mitigation measures : restoring the sustainable natural habitats

20. Public presentation Opinion Collection 3. Public participation when : 14:00~16:00 April. 6 2007 where : meeting rooms in construction contractor’s building, Seoul participants : approx. 300 people opinion collection :April. 7 ~ April. 20(14days) * via mail or email Results : Mostly residents living in specific dam candidate areas submitted their opinions that are mainly about assention or objection Opinions collected : total 114 opinions Main opinions • Collected opinions are mostly regarding pros and cons of specific dam sites, or whether their land and property are submerged or not. • These opinions are to be considrered in specific dam project plans.

21. Ⅳ. Conclusion SEA for DCLP appears to raise the propriety and the environmental soundness of the plan by way of reflecting the the results to the main plan. Dam candidates in the DCLP are selected through considering the condition of submerged areas, technical, economical and environmental feasibility aspects in a broad point of view. The selected dam candidates would be confirmed after the following series of processes, pre-environmental review and environmental impact assessment, in which opinions of residents and relevant organizations are again collected and reflected.

22. On the other hand, in spite of its avantage public participation might lead to more confusion and conflict between supportive groups and opponent ones without any meaningful proposal. Whether SEA and public participation are really beneficial is debatable. If the effectiveness of SEA and DCLP would not be proven, even the necessity of DCLP could be reconsidered in the next term. SEA for DCLP is almost the first challenge in SEA history in Korea since the enaction of SEA directive. More study is needed in this field so that SEA would secure its position and contribute to the nation’s sustainable development.

23. We design it for coexistence of human and nature ! Thank you