CANARIE “The Critical Role Universities will play in the Future Evolution of the Internet”

1. CANARIE “The Critical Role Universities will play in the Future Evolution of the Internet” http://www.canarie.ca http://www.canet3.net Bill.St.Arnaud@canarie.ca

2. CANARIE Inc • Canada’s Advanced Internet Development Organization • Canadian equivalent to Internet 2 and NGI • Private-sector led, not-for-profit consortium • Consortium formed 1993 • Federal funding of $300m (1993-99) • Total project costs estimated over $600 M • Currently over 140 members; 21 Board members

3. CA*net 3 National Optical Internet Consortium Partners: Bell Nexxia Nortel Cisco JDS Uniphase Newbridge CA*net 3 Primary Route CA*net 3 Diverse Route GigaPOP ORAN Deploying a 4 channel CWDM Gigabit Ethernet network – 400 km Deploying a 4 channel Gigabit Ethernet transparent optical DWDM– 1500 km Condo Dark Fiber Networks connecting universities and schools Condo Fiber Network linking all universities and hospital Multiple Customer Owned Dark Fiber Networks connecting universities and schools Netera MRnet SRnet ACORN St. John’s BCnet Calgary Regina Winnipeg Charlottetown RISQ ONet Fredericton Montreal Vancouver 16 channel DWDM -8 wavelengths @OC-192 reserved for CANARIE -8 wavelengths for carrier and other customers Halifax Ottawa Seattle STAR TAP Toronto Los Angeles Chicago New York

4. The Internet Revolution • The Internet revolution has barely begun… • In mid 1990s the prevailing wisdom was that commercial sector would drive design of Internet infrastructure • As a result in North America R&E networks were commercialized or decommissioned • e.g NSFnet & CA*net • New R&E networks would focus on applications or specialized services such as QoS • But new developments in customer owned dark fiber, long distance LAN and wireless are putting the universities back in the driver’s seat in the ongoing evolution of the Internet

5. Customer Empowered Networks • Individual institutions – the customers – own and control their own strands of fiber • Fiber are configured in point to point private networks; or • Connect to local ISP or carrier hotel or GigaPOP • Low cost LAN architectures and optics are used to light the fiber for distances to several hundred kilometers • Control and management of the optics and wavelengths is under the domain of the customer at the edge, as opposed to the traditional carrier in the center • These new concepts in customer empowered networking are starting in the same place as the Internet started – the university and research community. • Extending the Internet model of autonomous peering networks to the telecom world

6. New Critical Role for Universities • This time it is not only about Internet networks for universities and research centers, but for schools and most importantly for the community as a whole • Communities and schools are looking to the universities for leadership • They are are the only neutral 3rd party in the community with the skills and knowledge to lead this revolution • University community has a greater role and a greater responsibility with this second Internet revolution

7. Examples of University Leadership • Universities in Quebec are building their own 3500km “condominium” fiber network in partnership with several school board and many communities • In Ottawa is deploying a 85km- 144 strand “condominium” network connecting 26 institutions – cost $1m US • Universities are the anchor tenants and lead for the project • Blacksburg Electronic Village dark fiber network was lead UoVirginia • University community in Chicago area and Indiana are instrumental in municipal developments there • University in California – CENIC is the lead for the California DCP project to connect up all California schools with high bandwidth

8. Market Drivers • First - low cost • Up to 1000% reduction over current telecom prices. 6-12 month payback • Second - LAN invades the WAN – no complex SONET or ATM required in network • Third - Enables new applications and services not possible with traditional telecom service providers • Relocation of servers and extending LAN to central site • Out sourcing LAN and web servers to a 3rd party because no performance impact • IP telephony in the wide area (Spokane) • HDTV video • Fourth – Allows access to new competitive low cost telecom and IT companies at carrier neutral meet me points - GigaPOPs • Much easier to out source servers, e-commerce etc to a 3rd party at a carrier neutral collocation facility

9. Community Fiber Build Examples • Des affluents: Total cost $1,500,00 ($750,00 for schools) • 70 schools • 12 municipal buildings • 204 km fiber • $1,500,000 total cost • average cost per building - $18,000 per building • Mille-Isles: Total cost $2,100,000 ($1,500,000 for schools) • 80 schools • 18 municipal buildings • 223km • $21,428 per building • Laval: Total cost $1,800,000 ($1,000,000 for schools) • 111 schools • 45 municipal buildings • 165 km • $11,500 per building • Peel county: Total cost $3m – 100 buildings • Cost per building $30,000

10. Typical Payback for school(Real example – des affluents – north of Montreal) • DSL to 100 schools - $400 per month per school • Over 3 years total expenditure of $1,440,000 for DSL service • Total cost of dark fiber network for 100 schools $1,350,000 • Additional condominium participants were brought in to lower cost to school board to $750,000 • School board can now centralize routers and network servers at each school • Estimated savings in travel and software upgrades $800,000 • Payback typically 8 –16 months • Independent Study by Group Secor available upon request

11. Before After fiber fiber • Antennas 78 0 • Novell Servers 82 1 • SQL Servers 13 3 • Lotus Notes Servers 2 1 • Tape Backup Servers 12 4 • Ethernet switches/hubs 10 98 • Routers 108 3 • Cache/proxy (Linux) 12 0 • Fire walls (Linux) 1 1 Reduction in the number of servers

12. The biggest challenge of all…To foster and accelerate broadband Internet to the home

13. The basic assumptions • The good, the bad and the ugly.. • Monopolies are bad • Duopolies are ugly • Facilities based competition is good • The private sector, in an open competitive market, is far more effective at responding to consumer’s needs and introducing new services at lower prices than any kind of government regulation • Facilities based competition is alive and well in downtown core • How do we accelerate facilities based competition into residential market • As well how can we assure scalable high speed Internet services to the home that eventually will support Gigabit speeds or higher?

14. Critical role for universities • Community dark fiber networks increases facilities based competition, levels the playing field and provides greater choice to the consumer • Universities can play critical role in organizing municipal condominium fiber builds in their community and serve as the “anchor tenant” • Universities can also encourage building carrier neutral collocation facilities • In downtown cores will likely be done by private sector • In suburbs will probably have to be public facility like school board office, university, etc • Universities are also seen as critical anchor tenants for carrier hotels e.g. Halifax, BC @home

15. New Architecture Carrier Owned Fiber Central Office For Wireless Company Cable head end University Telco Central Office Condominium Fiber with separate strands owned by school and by service providers Colo Facility School School Average Fiber Penetration to 250-500 homes VDSL, HFC or Fiber Provisioned by service provider

16. Benefits to Industry • For cablecos and telcos it help them accelerate the deployment of high speed internet services into the community • Currently deployment of DSL and cable modem deployment is hampered by high cost of deploying fiber into the neighbourhoods • Cable companies need fiber to every 250 homes for cable modem service, but currently only have fiber on average to every 5000 homes • Telephone companies need to get fiber to every 250 homes to support VDSL or FSAN technologies • Wireless companies need to get fiber to every 250 homes for new high bandwidth wireless services and mobile Internet • It will provide opportunities for small innovative service providers to offer service to public institutions as well as homes • For e-commerce and web hosting companies it will generate new business in out sourcing and web hosting

17. CANARIE's 6th Advanced Networks Workshop"The Networked Nation" November 28 and 29, 2000Palais des CongrèsMontreal, Quebec - Canada • "The Networked Nation", will focus on application architectures ("grids") made up of customer owned dark fiber and next generation Internet networks like CA*net 3 that will ultimately lead to the development of the networked nation where eventually every school, home and business will have high bandwidth connection to the Internet. • Three tracks: • Customer owned dark fiber for schools, hospitals, businesses and homes. • Next generation optical Internet architectures that will be a natural and seamless extension of the customer owned dark fiber networks being built for schools, homes and businesses. • "application grids", which are a seamless integration of dark fiber and optical networks to support specific collaborative research and education applications.