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II 4.01 and 4.02

II 4.01 and 4.02. Elements and Principles of Design. 4.01. The Elements of Design. Space Lines Texture Form Mass Color. Elements of Design. Space - Space refers to the 3 dimensional area around or inside a form. It can communicate positive or negative feelings.

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II 4.01 and 4.02

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  1. II 4.01 and 4.02 Elements and Principles of Design

  2. 4.01

  3. The Elements of Design Space Lines Texture Form Mass Color

  4. Elements of Design • Space- Space refers to the 3 dimensional area around or inside a form. It can communicate positive or negative feelings.

  5. Large spaces can communicate feelings of openness and grandeur, but can also make a person feel small/lost/overwhelmed. Small spaces can make one feel cozy, intimate, or comfortable, but can also be crowded due to number of people or furnishings. Arranging Space To open or expand a space, use mirrors, expand the window area, or create half walls or totally remove walls. To create a cozy space, divide the space into separate areas using area rugs or clustering furniture into small groups (2 chairs and a small table, sofa and loveseat)

  6. Large and Grandeur Small and Intimate

  7. Dividing a large room into 2 spaces

  8. Line: most basic element of design Vertical lines are perpendicular to the ground, cause the eye to move up and down. Suggest height, strength, dignity, and stability.

  9. Horizontal linesare parallel to the ground. They direct the eye across and convey feelings of relaxation, calmness, rest. Found in mantles, bookcases, long sofas, fabrics and wallpapers.

  10. Curved Lineis part of a circle that is natural and free flowing. These lines reflect organization, eternity and uniformity as well as softness and freedom.Commonly found in nature.

  11. Diagonal lines communicate action and excitement. Appear as stairs, lampshades, cathedral ceilings, roof lines, fabrics and wallpapers.

  12. Form Realistic Form: communicates lifelike, traditional, and familiar feelings with objects

  13. Abstract form: rearranges a recognizable object. The object has familiar traits, but altered. Used in contemporary settings.

  14. Geometric Form: uses squares, rectangles, circles and other geometric figures to create form. Communicates organization, order, and planning. Square tables, round lampshades, various pillows.

  15. Free form: random and flowing. Often found in nature (plants, stones, wood) with no sense of geometric design. This is untraditional, unfamiliar, and different from realistic form.

  16. TEXTURE Refers to the way a surface feels or appears to feel. Tactile: how a surface actually feels to the touch. Described as smooth, rough, bumpy, grainy, porous, cool. Visual: texture that can be seen but not felt. Scenic wallpapers, fabric patterns, laminate flooring, etc.

  17. Mass High Mass: space that is visually crowded. Too many patterns or lines. Feelings of being cluttered, too formal, heavy Low Mass: space is simple and sparse. Only the essential items are in the room. Communicates a clean and airy space

  18. COLOR

  19. PRIMARY COLORSRed, yellow and blue In traditional color theory, these are the 3 pigment colors that can not be mixed or formed by any combination of other colors. All other colors are derived from these 3 hues

  20. SECONDARY COLORS • These are the colors formed by mixing the primary colors

  21. TERTIARY/INTERMEDIATE COLORS Yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green and yellow-green.

  22. Color Schemes • Monochromatic-all one color, with the addition of black and white • Analogous – colors next to each other on the color wheel • Complementary- opposites on the color wheel • Split complimentary- a color, then the colors beside its’ opposite • Triadic – colors equally distant on the wheel • Neutral –black white and gray • Accented neutral – black, white and gray, one additional accent color.

  23. ANALOGOUS                                                                                                                             ANALOGOUS                                                                                                                              Analogous colors are any three colors which are side by side color wheel, such as y-yg-g. Usually one of the three colors predominates.

  24. A color scheme based on complementary colors                                                                                                                                                                                                      Complementary colors are any two colors which are directly opposite each other, such as red and green and red-purple and yellow-green. In the illustration above, there are several variations of yellow-green in the leaves and several variations of red-purple in the orchid. These opposing colors create maximum contrast and maximum stability.

  25. FYI • Color Scheme = • Color Harmony = • Color way

  26. 4.02

  27. Factors used in Determining Color • Light – natural or artificial • What we see depends on the way an object reflects and absorbs light • Mid day gives off a white light • Late day/sunset gives off a pink tint. • Moon gives off a blue light • Incandescent lamp or candle gives off a yellow light

  28. Factors used in Determining Color • Lighting and color - The type of lighting a room has will determine the "temperature" of paint colors you will want to select. • North-facing rooms should be painted in cheerful warm colors to offset the pale light. • South-facing sunny rooms have a bright light that can be tempered by painting in cool or neutral colors. • Even a dark windowless room can be lightened up by painting walls in a warm bright light color.

  29. Factors used in Determining Color • Cool colors - Cool colors, (blues, violets and greens) work well in bedrooms because they absorb light instead of reflecting it. • Cool colors recede and can make a small room seem larger. • Cool colors add height and width and warmth • Cool colors will effectively reduce the heat in rooms that get hot in the summer. Cool colors can be used in rooms that you intend to be calm and tranquil.

  30. Factors used in Determining Color • Warm colors - Warm colors, (reds, yellows and oranges) advance and can make a large room feel smaller/more inviting. • Warm colors are usually brighter and work well in rooms that lack natural light. • If you have an overly large room, try painting it in a darker color with warm undertones; this will make your room appear cozier. • A successful room will have a combination of cool and warm colors in the design palette, but one or the other should dominate.

  31. Factors used in Determining Color • Existing colors also play a role in determining colors. For example, if you have a blue patterned couch that you want to use in the design, you would create the rest of the room/colors in the room around that blue patterned couch.

  32. What it does: • Cool light intensifies blue and violet, and neutralizes red, yellow and orangeWarm light does the opposite • Choose colors (esp. for large spaces) in the type of light where they will be used • Cool-color harmonies need warm light • Warm-color harmonies need cool light • Shielded light tends to cool a room

  33. Effect on adjacent color • Colors change when placed near other colors • Red appears red violet when placed near violet • Analogous color scheme produces pleasing effect • Contrasting colors produce excitement

  34. Texture on color • Flat shiny surfaces enhance color brightness and intensity • Dull, heavily textured surface makes color less intense and darker

  35. Color on Space • Color gains intensity when in a large area • Choose paint color lighter than desired effect • Light colors recede, dark colors advance • Small room will appear larger if painted with cool or light colors, and vice versa

  36. Color Decisions • One color should dominate-2/3 of the area. The other 1/3 should be accent colors. • Bold, warm and dark colors advance, use to lower high ceilings or snug up a room • Dark and warm colors make room appear smaller • Neutrals enhance colors around them • Cool rooms do better with warm colors

  37. Principles of Design Proportion, scale, balance, emphasis, rhythm

  38. Proportion • Proportion is the ration of one part to another part, or of one part to the whole • Best if uneven ratio: 2:3, 3:5. • 1:1 or 1:2 are not artistic • Golden ratio-most pleasing proportions is 2:3 • Window openings should not be equal to wall area, use 1:3, 3:5, or 5:8

  39. Scale • Refers to the size of an object compared to a standard or familiar size • Large rooms require large-scale furniture • Scale can be influenced by color, texture, pattern and line. • Also affected by its frame of reference (high backed sofa too high next to a low window)

  40. Balance • A sense of equilibrium • Formal– exactly the same on each side of a central point • Informal – visual equilibrium achieved through the placement of different but equivalent on both sides of center

  41. Emphasis • Center of attention • Usually a fireplace, window, work of art, dominant piece of furniture • Should dominate but not overpower • No other features should compete

  42. Rhythm • Leads the eye from one part of a design to another • Achieved by: repetition, gradation, transition, radiation • Curved lines that carry the eye creates transition

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