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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

PP 979-991. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. FUNCTION. Breakdown of food into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body in one long tube from mouth to anus. NUTRIENTS. 6 classes of nutrients: carbohydrates fats proteins. NUTRIENTS. 6 classes of nutrients: carbohydrates fats proteins

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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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  1. PP 979-991 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

  2. FUNCTION • Breakdown of food into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body in one long tube from mouth to anus

  3. NUTRIENTS • 6 classes of nutrients: • carbohydrates • fats • proteins

  4. NUTRIENTS • 6 classes of nutrients: • carbohydrates • fats • proteins • minerals: help balance osmosis and the function of certain cells (i.e muscle and nerve cell)

  5. NUTRIENTS • 6 classes of nutrients: • carbohydrates • fats • proteins • minerals: help balance osmosis and the function of certain cells (i.e muscle and nerve cell) • vitamins: aid enzyme activity • water: most chemical reactions can only occur in water (accounts for half of your body weight)

  6. Mechanical vs. Chemical Digestion • Mechanical: physical breakdown of food • Chewing, peristalsis (moving bolus down the esophagus), and stomach churning

  7. Mechanical vs. Chemical Digestion • Chemical Digestion: Enzymes breaking down food into simpler forms (monomers)

  8. DIGESTIVE TRACTMOUTH AND ESOPHAGUS • Amylase (enzyme) is released from glands into saliva • Breaks down carbs to monosaccharides

  9. DIGESTIVE TRACTMOUTH AND ESOPHAGUS • Amylase (enzyme) is released from glands into saliva • Breaks down carbs to monosaccharides • Bolus (food ball) travels down esophagus to stomach

  10. STOMACH • Muscle contractions break bolus apart (mechanical digestion)

  11. STOMACH • Muscle contractions break bolus apart (mechanical digestion) • Pepsin (enzyme) breaks down proteins into amino acids • Released by gastric glands

  12. STOMACH • Muscle contractions break bolus apart (mechanical digestion) • Pepsin (enzyme) breaks down proteins into amino acids • Released by gastric glands • HCl keeps stomach acidic so the pepsin can work

  13. PANCREAS • Secretes sodium bicarbonate (base) into small intestine to neutralize acid.

  14. LIVER • Produces bile and stores it in the gall bladder

  15. GALL BLADDER • Stores bile and secretes it into the small intestine • Breaks down fats into fatty acids

  16. SMALL INTESTINE • Chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

  17. SMALL INTESTINE • Chemical digestion and nutrient absorption • Villi: Folds in lining of small intestines • Increases surface area for maximum absorption.

  18. LARGE INTESTINE/COLON • Absorption of water, minerals, and vitamins

  19. Salivary glands Esophagus Liver Stomach Pancreas Gall bladder Large intestine/colon Small intestine

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