Add to table of contents:

1. Add to table of contents: Soil Horizons Pg. 70 Soil Pg. 71

2. Observing Soil - What do you see?

3. Soil Pg. 71 • Soil is a mixture of four materials:

4. Soil Pg. 71 • Soil is a mixture of four materials: • Weathered rock particles-45%

5. Soil Pg. 71 • Soil is a mixture of four materials: • Weathered rock particles-45% • Organic matter-5%

6. Soil Pg. 71 • Soil is a mixture of four materials: • Weathered rock particles-45% • Organic matter-5% • Water-25%

7. Soil Pg. 71 • Soil is a mixture of four materials: • Weathered rock particles-45% • Organic matter-5% • Water-25% • Air-25%

8. Humus:The decayed organic matter in soil.

9. Humus:The decayed organic matter in soil. (Organic matter comes from the remains and waste products of plants, animals and other living things.)

10. Factors that form soil:

11. Factors that form soil: Kind of rock.

12. Factors that form soil: Kind of rock. The area’s climate.

13. Factors that form soil: Kind of rock. The area’s climate. Landforms in the area. .

14. Factors that form soil: Kind of rock. The area’s climate. Landforms in the area. Plant cover and animals in the area.

15. Factors that form soil: Kind of rock. The area’s climate. Landforms in the area. Plant cover and animals in the area. Time.

16. Soil Horizon: A layer of soil with properties different from the layers above and below it.

17. Horizon O - organic-mostly dead plant matter.

18. Horizon O - organic-mostly dead plant matter. Horizon A - Topsoil. Contains the most organic matter (humus) and is dark in color.

19. Horizon O - organic-mostly dead plant matter. Horizon A - Topsoil. Contains the most organic matter (humus) and is dark in color. Horizon B - Subsoil. Contains clay and minerals and is usually brownish or reddish in color.

20. Soil Horizons Horizon C - The deepest layer of soil. Contains the largest and least weathered rocks. It is usually yellowish brown.

21. Soil Horizons Horizon C - The deepest layer of soil. Contains the largest and least weathered rocks. It is usually yellowish brown. Horizon D(Parent) – Bedrock below soil.

22. How do organisms effect soil? Plants – add organic matter or humus to the soil. Microorganisms – decomposers(bacteria and fungi) decompose dead organisms and return nitrogen to the soil. Animals - loosen and mix the soil(as they build their homes) which adds air to the soil. They also add humus when they die.

23. Soil Horizons Pg. 70 Attach to page 70 after labeling and coloring each soil horizon.