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Molecular Basis for Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Explore the molecular basis for the relationship between genotype and phenotype with a focus on point mutations and their consequences on gene products. Learn how mutations in DNA sequences can alter mRNA splicing and protein functions, ultimately affecting organism phenotype. Discover mutation frequencies obtained with various mutagens and the results of the Ames Test in assessing mutagenic compounds.

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Molecular Basis for Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

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  1. Molecular Basis for Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype genotype DNA DNA sequence transcription RNA translation amino acid sequence protein function phenotype organism

  2. Point mutations at the molecular level Base substitution: change in base of nucelotide pair Base additions: insertion of nucleotide pairs Base deletions: deletion of nucleotide pairs

  3. Point mutations at the molecular level

  4. Consequences of Point Mutations within Genes

  5. Point Mutations Can Alter mRNA Splicing

  6. Point Mutations on Gene Products

  7. Mutation frequencies obtained with various mutagens in Neurospora Mutagens are agents that cause mutations. Anything that is capable of causing chemical changes in the structure of DNA (especially bases) is a mutagen. Mutagens differ in mutagenicity.

  8. The Ames Test Reveals Mutagenic Compounds Strain 1 - frameshift mutation Strain 2 - base substitution

  9. Ames Test Results1 Revertant colonies per culture plate. Treatment Control diethyl sulfate* ICR-191** TA1575 11 14,700 13 TA1578 25 0 450 TA1575 : his base substitution mutant TA1578 : his frameshift mutant * Highly toxic alkylating agent, occurs as colorless liquid with peppermint odor ** Acridine, colorless solid intercalating agent, known carcinogen 1 McCann etal., 1975. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72 979-983.

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