1 / 17

How Scientists Work Ch. 1

How Scientists Work Ch. 1. Mrs. Griffin. What Is Science?. Goal: To investigate and understand the natural world. Deals only with the natural world Observation, data, and inference. Analyzing Data. Rules of Graphing Be sure to title, label X & Y axis, provide a key (if needed).

rmartins
Download Presentation

How Scientists Work Ch. 1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. How Scientists WorkCh. 1 Mrs. Griffin

  2. What Is Science? • Goal: To investigate and understand the natural world. • Deals only with the natural world • Observation, data, and inference

  3. Analyzing Data • Rules of Graphing • Be sure to title, label X & Y axis, provide a key (if needed). • Independent vs. dependent variables • X: independent • Y: dependent INCORRECT CORRECT

  4. Explaining and Interpreting Evidence • Designing an experiment: • What is the problem/asking a question • Again, how should this be stated? • Forming a hypothesis • Setting up a controlled experiment • 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. • Record and analyze data • Drawing a conclusion • Two things need to be stated here: Did results support or refute your hypothesis, “measurement” of error(s).

  5. Francesco Redi’s Experiment on Spontaneous Generation • His proposal/hypothesis • Flies laid eggs to small for ppl. to see/ flies produce maggots • The experiment • How many variables should be tested? • Controlled variable, manipulated variable, responding variable

  6. John Needham’s & Lazzaro Spallanzani Needham • The “attack” on Redi & spontaneous generation • The experiment: Spallanzani • Spallanzani tests Needham • The experiment:

  7. Louis Pasteur on Spontaneous Generation • The experiment: • How a theory develops: • It is a well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations.

  8. Studying Life & the Characteristics of Living Things • Living things: • Are made up of cells- • unicellular/multicellular • Reproduce- • sexual vs. asexual • Are based on a universal genetic code- • DNA • Grow and develop • Obtain and use materials & energy- • Metabolism • Respond to their environment- • stimulus • Maintain a stable internal environment- • HOMEOSTASIS • Change over time (taken as a group)- change over time.

  9. Classification Ch. 18

  10. Why Classify? • Way to group/name organisms in a logical manner. • Mountain lion, puma, cougar, panther? • The science of classifying organisms is known as taxonomy. Felis concolor

  11. The Scientific Name • 18th century Carolus Linnaeus a two-word naming system called binomial nomenclature. • Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name (Genus species) • It is always written in italics, the first word is always capitalized, and the second word is lowercased. • Ursis arctos (grizzly) • Ursis maritimus (polar bear) • Genus is a group of closely related species and the second part is unique to each species.

  12. Linnaeus's System of Classification • Hierarchical, consists of seven levels: • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  13. What are the seven classification groups? • King • Phillip • Came • Over • For • Great • Spaghetti

  14. Here are two examples of the Linnaean taxonomic system of classification, for humans and armadillos:

  15. Kingdoms and Domains • Linnaeus named two kingdoms : Animalia & Plantae • What’s the problem w/ only two? • Then came Fungi • Followed by Monera • Eventually Monera is split into two kingdoms…….. • The six-kingdom system of classification includes the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

  16. The Three-Domain System • Scientific analysis has given rise to a new taxonomic category: domain. The three domains include Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. (Pg 459) Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Streptococcus, Escherichia coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Methanogens, halophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Eukarya Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Animalia Eukaryote No cell walls or chloroplasts Multicellular Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals

  17. Review • Why is classifying living things important? • What is taxonomy? • Describe binomial nomenclature. • Who developed a system for naming living organisms? • What is a scientific name of an organism and how is it written?

More Related