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Groups

Groups. Sociology Ms. Blackhurst. Today’s Plan:. Introduction to Groups PowerPoint Discuss key items, complete class activities HW: Group Web. Objectives/ Outcomes:.

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Groups

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  1. Groups Sociology Ms. Blackhurst

  2. Today’s Plan: • Introduction to Groups PowerPoint • Discuss key items, complete class activities • HW: Group Web

  3. Objectives/ Outcomes: • Discuss the need for conformity in a society within the context of the problems that can arise with following norms blindly. • Identify and explain the relationship between norms and laws in society and the society’s values. • Explain how differences between subcultures exist within a culture.

  4. Social Groups • Consists of two or more people who… • Interact in patterned ways • Have a feeling of unity • Share certain common interests and expectations • Primary Groups • People who regularly interact and have close and long-lasting relationships • Secondary Groups • People who interact on a formal and impersonal basis to accomplish a specific objective

  5. Groups • Group —at least two people who have one or more goals in common and share common ways of thinking and behaving

  6. Dyads & Triads Dyad • Social group with two members. • Social interaction in a dyad is typically more intense than in larger groups because neither member shares the other's attention with anyone else. Triad • Social group with three members, which contains three relationships, each uniting two of the three people. • More stable than a dyad because one member can act as a mediator should the relationship between the other two become strained.

  7. A Group is a group of people who share several features including: • In regular contact with each other • Share some ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving • Take one another’s behavior into account • One or more goals in common

  8. Primary Groups • People who are emotionally close, know one another well and seek one another’s company • Ex: Family, childhood play groups, close friends, neighbors

  9. Primary Groups • “We” • Enjoy each other • Primary Relationships: • Personal • Caring • Fulfilling relationships

  10. How do Primary Groups Develop? • Small size • Face-to-Face Contact • Continuous Contact • Proper Social Environment

  11. Functions of Primary Groups • Emotional Support • Socialization • Encourage Conformity

  12. Secondary Groups • Impersonal • Goal oriented • Purpose of the group is to accomplish a task, not to enrich friendships • Ex: Work groups, sports teams, volunteers • Secondary relationships—clerk & customer, employers & workers, dentists & patients • There can be some primary relationships in a secondary group • Ex: two friends (primary) on the field hockey team (secondary)

  13. Your TurnIndicate Primary or Secondaryfor each relationship • A marine recruit & his drill instructor at boot camp ___________________________ • A married couple __________________ • A coach & his soccer team __________ • A teacher & his student _____________ • A car salesperson and her potential customer _________________________

  14. Which of the following is not a condition that promotes the development of primary groups? • Small group size • Face-to-face contact • Continuous contact • Interaction on the basis of status or role • _________________________________

  15. Types of Social Interaction • Read pages 69-72, then define and give an example of each of these six terms: • Conflict • Coercion • Conformity • Cooperation • Social Exchange

  16. Cooperation“How can we reach our goal?” • A form of interaction in which individuals or groups combine their efforts to reach a goal • Usually occurs when… • Reaching a goal demands the best use of limited resources and efforts • Examples: survivors of a plane crash in the mountains; victims of natural disasters • Exists outside of emergencies as well • Examples: rules for games; sharing household duties

  17. Conflict • Groups or individuals that work against one another for a larger share of the rewards. • Defeating the opponent is essential • Social Benefits of Conflict: • Promotes cooperation and unity within opposing groups • Example: A neighborhood bully can bring together 2 brothers who usually don’t get along. • Draws attention to social inequities • Examples: Civil Rights activists in the 60s convinced Congress to make laws to ensure basic rights and freedoms to all people.

  18. Social Exchange“What is in it for me?” • A voluntary action performed in the expectation of getting a reward in return • Benefit to be earned rather than the relationship itself that is key • Example: You help a friend wash her car, she then helps you study for a test

  19. Coercion • Individuals or groups are forced to give in to the will of other individuals or groups • One-way street; central element is domination • May occur through: physical force (imprisonment, torture, or death) • Example: Prisoners of war can be forced to reveal information to enemies. • More often through: social pressure (ridicule, rejection, withdrawal of affection) • Example: Parents can control behavior of young children by threatening to withdraw privileges.

  20. Conformity • Behavior that matches group expectations • Adapt behavior to fit behavior of those around us • Necessary for culture and social structure • Church • Family • University • Government

  21. Pop Quiz Timeeach answer will be used only 1 time 1. Blood donors expect payment 2. Students read what a teacher assigns 3. Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait 4. Flood victims help each other 5. Employees are forced to work overtime or be fired

  22. Start Today By… • Giving a list of 10 places that social exchange might occur. • Then describe the type of interaction using your terms from yesterday. • Family dinner • Conversation at lunch with friends • Discussions at the UN • A bully picking on a freshman

  23. Group Think • Self-deceptive thinking that is based on conformity to group beliefs, and created by group pressure to conform • Discourages members from expressing their concerns about group decisions • Examples: JFK’s Bay of Pigs Invasion, Personal examples???

  24. Why does Group Think occur? • Why would you say you agree with other people in the group if you really don’t? • Because we have been taught to conform! • Group Think isn’t always a negative thing!

  25. Group Think • Because of the difficulty of going against decisions made by the group, some sociologists believe that Groupthink exists • Happens when group members agree to conform rather than express their true feelings or beliefs • It appears as if the group agrees but they really don’t • Can lead to ineffective or destructive consequences

  26. In-Groups and Out-Groups • In-Group • Group with which people identify and have a sense of belonging • “we” • Out-Group • Group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own • “they”

  27. Other Groups • Reference Groups—group used for self-evaluation and the formation of attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms • Social Network—all of a person’s social relationships make up his or her social network • Aggregate – based on proximity at a give time. Ex: people in line at Starbucks or a political rally

  28. What does this research tell us about people’s behavior in group situations? • Dr. Stanley Milgram’s Obedience to Authority Experiment • Dr. Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiments

  29. Primary & Secondary GroupsAssignment • Create a web diagram of the primary & secondary groups to which you belong • Include at least three primary & three secondary groups • Then explain the function of each of these groups in your life • You may do as a poster or using a web program (PPT, Prezi, Paint)

  30. Ms. Blackhurst’s Group Web Dr. ApptSECONDARY Graduate CourseSECONDARY FamilyPRIMARY Ms. Blackhurst Check out at giant eagleSECONDARY PTHSBOTH Friends at homePRIMARY Co-workersSECONDARY Friends at workPRIMARY

  31. Homework • Complete the primary and secondary group assignment! • You must have at least 8-10 groups on your sheet when you finish. • Due next class

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