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The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method. T hese are the required steps when doing a project using the Scientific Method. Purpose Research Hypothesis Experiment: Write down the materials you will need Write the step-by-step instructions you will follow Write the variables of the experiment

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The Scientific Method

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  1. The Scientific Method These are the required steps when doing a project using the Scientific Method. • Purpose • Research • Hypothesis • Experiment: • Write down the materials you will need • Write the step-by-step instructions you will follow • Write the variables of the experiment • Write what you see happening in the experiment (data). • Analysis • Conclusion

  2. Purpose • There are many surfaces around us. Are there different levels of friction for different surfaces?

  3. Research Your Topic Funk and Wagnell (Encyclopedia) Friction is the resistance of two objects coming in contact with each other which interferes with their movement. Friction can be found in sliding, rolling, or flowing motion of an object in relation to another object with which it is in contact. (Continue to write a paragraph.) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction(Website) Friction must be overcome by an applied force before an object will move. When an object is sliding over another object, the friction remains the same. However, it takes more force for an object to start sliding over another surface that it does to keep the object sliding once it is started. (Continue to write a paragraph.) Sciencesaurus (Textbook) There are two things that determine friction. One is what the two surfaces are made of. The second one is how hard they are pressing against each other. (Continue to write a paragraph.)

  4. Hypothesis Hypothesis: If I put different surfaces on my friction board, then the surfaces will show different levels of friction. Reason Why: As I feel the different surfaces they all have a different texture. Since they are different some should be more slippery than others.

  5. The ExperimentList of Materials • Pine board, 18 inches long, 8 inches wide, and 1/2 inch thick. • Inch yardstick. • Flat surface. • Block of wood, 3 inches long, four inches wide, and 2 inches thick. • Tin foil, wax paper, plastic wrap, fine sandpaper, medium sandpaper, coarse sandpaper, art paper, plain paper, dish towel, bath towel, and board surface.

  6. The ExperimentStep-by-Step Directions • Put one of the surfaces on the board at the top. Be sure it isn’t wrinkled. • Put the block of wood at the top of the board. • Put the ruler upright by the end of the board where the applied surface is so it can be read as to how high the board is when the block falls. • Lift the board slowly until the block begins to fall and has reached the end of the board. • Record how many inches high the board went for the block to overcome the friction. • Do this for each surface.

  7. The ExperimentControlled and Experimental Variables • My Controlled Variables • The 2-foot board • The yardstick • The lifting of the board • The flat surface • My Experimental Variable • Tin foil, wax paper, plastic wrap, fine sandpaper, medium sandpaper, coarse sandpaper, art paper, dish towel, bath towel, and board surface.

  8. Friction Surface Data

  9. Friction Surface Graph 24 inches 21 inches 18 inches 15 inches 12 inches 9 inches 6 inches 3 inches 0 inches I N C H E S Types of Surfaces Surface Surface Surface Surface Surface Surface Surface Surface Surface Surface

  10. Friction Surface Analysis • I noticed that there is a difference in the friction levels of different surfaces. • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________

  11. Friction Surface Analysis • I noticed that there is a difference in the friction levels of different surfaces. • Those with rough surfaces had a lot more friction than those that are smooth. • As the surface gets rougher or more coarse there is more friction the will hold the block on the material.. • The block holds onto the surface as the board is being raised. However as soon as the block starts to move it slides down fast and not slow. • This tells me that the frictions helps keep things is place as an angle changes, but will soon slide immediately when it hits a certain angle.

  12. Friction Surface Conclusion • All the surfaces showed friction when the force of gravity pulled on the wooden block. • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________

  13. Conclusion • I found out that all surfaces show friction when the force of gravity pulls on the wooden block. • The rougher surfaces have more friction than the smooth surfaces. The rougher surfaces have different levels of friction among themselves, and likewise the smooth surfaces have different levels of friction among themselves. • I have noticed that cement is rough so we don’t slip when it is wet. I do slip on a gym floor easier than I do on a rough surface like asphalt. Even stairs have a rough surface on them so we don’t slip. When we want to have a good experience skiing, we put wax on it to reduce friction. • It is important that we know which surfaces have have a lot of friction and which ones don’t. This way we can make them rough if we are walking on them so we don’t slip and fall when it is wet or icy. People also need to be warned so when there is a slick surface present so they can take caution. • I have noticed that when I am walking down hill, that if the surface is smooth, there is more of a chance I will slip. If the surface is rough, it is less likely that I will slip. I can fell the friction keep my feet more in place. • Sometimes I have noticed that if places get wet, there is a rough surface to help prevent people from slipping. • My hypothesis matches the data that I gathered.

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