Some recent results from ICARUS

1. C. Farnese INFN Padova On behalf of the ICARUS Collaboration Some recent results from ICARUS NEUTRINO 2014 Boston 1-7 June 2014

2. The ICARUS T600 at LNGS Laboratory • ICARUS successfully operated with CNGS beam Oct 1st 2010 - Dec. 3rd 2012: 8.6 1019 pot collected with a detector livetime>93 % • Data taking has been conducted in parallel with cosmic rays to study atmospheric  (0.73 kt y) • Decommissioning started in June 2013. T600 was emptied during summer, gradually brought to room temperature, allowing to start the disassembly procedure. LN2 vessels cryogenics (behind) readout electronics T300 T300 • The cryogenic plant and cryo-coolers, readout electronic system have been dismounted allowing to extract TPC chambers by Sept. 2014. All the material will be sent to CERN for the foreseen overhauling. • Three new results presented to Conf.s & to be published: • New, improved search for anomalous MiniBooNe n-e events in CNGS • Determination of muon momentum by multiple scattering • New LAr purification methods/improvements of the electron lifetime.

3. 1. The new ICARUS result on sterile n with 2450 n interactions • Event with a clear electron signature found in the sample of 2450 n interactions (7.23 1019 pot). • The evolution of the actual dE/dx from a single track to an e.m. shower for the electron shower is clearly apparent from individual wires. Single M.I.P

4. Event with a clearly identified electron signature Pion inelastic scattering with hadronic activity

5. ICARUS result on the search of the LSND-anomaly • 6 ne events have been observed in agreement with the expectations 7.9 ± 1.0 due to the conventional sources (the probability to observe ≤6 ne events is ~33%). • Weighting for the efficiency, ICARUS limits on the number of events due to LSND anomaly are: 5.2 (90 % C.L.) and 10.3 (99 % C.L.). • These provide the limits on the oscillation probability: • P(nm→ne)≤3.85 x 10-3 (90 % C.L.) • P(nm→ne)≤7.60 x 10-3 (99 % C.L.) ICARUS result strongly limits the window of parameters for the LSND anomaly to a narrow region (Dm2 ≈ 0.5 eV2, sin22q ≈0.005) for which there is an overall agreementof experiments

6. 2. Measurement of muon momentum via multiple scattering • In absence of a magnetic field, the initial muon momentum can be determined through the reconstruction of multiple Coulomb Scattering (MS) in LAr The RMS of  deflection depends on p , on the spatial resolution  and on the segmentation Lseg • The method has been tested in T600 on ~1000 stopping muon sample from CNGS  interactions in the upstream rock, comparing the initial momemtum measured by pMSwith the corresponding calorimetric determination pCAL. • This energy range (0.5-4 GeV) is appropriate to proposed short / long baseline experiment at FNAL Muon momentum reconstructed by calorimetric measurement for the stopping muon sample with Δp/p ~ 1%

7. Beam-associated stopping long muons (both range and MS) Stopping m track length: > 5 m Used length: 4m 4 m Initial p from MS -> Ratio MS/range -> Initial p from range -> Multiple scattering is measured on the first 4 m for stopping tracks L > 5 m: pMS is compared with the momentum from the observed range. Resolution ~16%! Some bias still appears for larger momenta ICHEP 2014

8. 3. ICARUS T600 LAr purity offline analysis: new results • ICARUS has operated with tele > 7 ms (~40 p.p. trillion [O2]eq) corresponding to a 12% maximum charge attenuation at longest drift distance! • New pump has been installed on East cryostat since April 4th, 2013: tele exceeding 12 ms and still rising! 14 ms • A remarkable purity achieved on ~1 kt scale detector, to be compared with ≈1ms longest electron drift time, approaching the result of tele≈ 21 ms previously observed with a ~100 litres prototype Preliminary 7 ms ICARUS has demonstrated the effectiveness of the single phase LAr-TPC technique, paving the way to huge detectors/~5 m drift as required for LBNE project

9. Search for n disappearance: trigger performance • Main ICARUS CNGS trigger: coincidence of PMT sum signal in each TPC with a 60 ms gate in correspondence of the proton spill extraction. • Trigger efficiency measured on 2012 cosmic m tracks l>4 cm long triggered independently by S-Daedalus. Detection efficiency Detection efficiency Detection efficiency • West module • West module • West module • East module • East module • East module Energy (GeV) Longitudinal coordinate (m) Drift coordinate (m) full PMT trigger efficiency for Edep> 300 MeV in bothT600 modules • Packet-loss of “Early Warning” p extraction:1.8% (2011) and 3.8% (2012).CNGS gate opening inefficiency: <0.1% due to spills at wrong predicted time. • Trigger manager system: dead-time ~ 2% in 2011 and < 0.1% in 2012. • Paper accepted by JINST (arXiv:1405.7591)

10. 2012 run: S-Daedalus trigger for CNGS events • S-Daedalus CNGS trigger was fired by TPC signal in Collection view in correspondence of each CNGS gate in absence of the PMT trigger signal. • Performance was validated on 104 νe CC, ν NC and νμ CC Monte Carlo events. A full efficiency down to ~ 0.3 GeV deposited energy is reached with the minimal requirement of 4 cm occupancy in one TPC (inefficiencies for Edep <300 MeV limited to tracks travelling along Collection wires direction) S-Daedalus: allows to improve trigger efficiency for cosmics! on-going analysis

11. Cosmic muons • Prepare for the atmospheric  search • Automatic 3D reco of cosmic  • Quality checks of the detector • Control sample: MC with all detector effects (dead pmts, missing crates..) BUT assuming  symmetry • Data show evidence of mountain structure (being included in MC ) Polar Teramo Corno Grande Azimuthal Assergi SPSC

12. First applications of automatic reconstruction to real data • Automatic tools: a must for the future of LAr • 3D reco is ready, but needs 2D “objects” • 2D “Segmentation” algorithm developed on MC • Test on CNGS events Induction 2 (color the same but there are 2 diff. violet clusters) REAL CNGS neutrino event Collection

13. Sterile neutrino search at the FNAL Booster n beamline • Two new proposals have been recently submitted (01/2014) to FNAL-PAC for dual detector experiments:  • P1052: ICARUS, taking advantage of the existing T600 as far detector combined with a new T150 “clone” at a near location;  • P1053: LAr1-ND, to be used as near detector at the SciBooNE site in combination with the existing MicroBooNE (1st phase). • At present a joint ICARUS/LAr1-ND/MicroBooNE effort is taking place to develop: • a coherent collaborative, international program at FNAL’s BNB (and NuMI off-axis) featuring three detectors at different baselines by 2018 (near: Lar1-ND, mid: MicroBooNE, far: ICARUS);  • a common Conceptual Design Report.

14. ICARUS T600 LAr1-ND MicroBooNE SBN@BNB

15. ICARUS • The T600 (770 ton Lar-TPC) is on its way from LNGS to CERN for a complete overhauling in the next two years. • Multiple possible technological upgrades (and LAr R&D) are envisaged: new electronics (warm/cold) and DAQ, new cryogenics and LAr vessels, doping, SiPM light collection, B-field … • An increase of the drift distance is also under consideration, thanks to the excellent LAr purity reached at LNGS (>12 ms) with the possibility to nearly double the active volume. Wire plane 150 cm CC Edep = 1.07 GeV (fully contained) Cathode plane 265 cm

16. MicroBooNE νμ → νe Appearance ICARUS T600 uB statistical error ND statistical error fractional uncertainty Statistical Uncertainty Limit for 6.6e20 POT exposure FD statistical error ND statistical error fractional uncertainty 4%

17. T600 electronic racks on top of detector at LNGS • ICARUST600 read-out electronics: continuous digitization, waveform recording of signals from each wire of the TPC. DAQ architecture was conceived in 1997 and front-end dual channel BiCMOS circuits designed in 1998. Successfully operated at LNGS up to 2013. Maintenance very difficult due to age of components • It consists of analogue front-end amplifier followed by multiplexed parallel AD converter (10 bit) + digital VME module performing local storage, hit finding and data compression:~5400 channels( 96 racks, 1720 analog + 1720 digital boards). • Adopting a top down approach one evident limitation of T600 DAQ is due to the choice of the VME standard (8-10 MB/s), perfectly legitimate at that time.

18. Electronics on the flange • For T600 a very reliable flange has been developed which allows for the connections of 18 twisted pair flat cables, each conveying 32 signals from wire chamber to external electronics. (576 ch’s per flange). • It is conceivable with a compact design to host the full electronics on the flanges, using the external side of the flange as a sort of backplane that support both analogue and digital electronics: overall costdrastically reduced. Optical connectors Lemo connectors Ethernet connector Backplane integrated on the flange Power distribution on the auxiliary connectors on side bus

19. General comparison Present T600 electronics New high density solution Integrated onto the flange ~595 liters, 576 chs (modulo 32) ~10 liters, 512 chs (modulo 64) Bandwidth: 10MB/s Bandwidth: >1GB/s

20. Prototype of flange under test

21. Layout for 8-channels sub-modules Every FE of 8 channels is about 90x23mm Alternative cold front-end under test

22. Richieste ai Servizi della Sezione_PD 2015 Officina Meccanica (3 MU): Assistenza realizzazione nuovi mini-crate per elettronica sulle flange. Officina Elettronica (5 MU): Realizzazione nuove flange, e test prototipi nuova elettronica (calda/fredda) su Icarino (~400 canali); Assistenza realizzazione nuova elettronica (54.000 canali) presso azienda esterna.