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Introduction to Database Management - Essential Concepts and Terminology

Explore database characteristics, DBMS features, architectures, and organizational roles. Learn about data, information, metadata, database management systems (DBMS), and steps in developing database systems. Understand roles of database analysts, designers, and developers.

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Introduction to Database Management - Essential Concepts and Terminology

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  1. COT 4730: Applied Database Systems Introduction to Database Management

  2. Welcome Course web-site http://faculty.eng.fau.edu/yangk/COP%204703,%20Fall%202019/index.html

  3. Outline • Database characteristics • DBMS features • Architectures • Organizational roles

  4. Initial Vocabulary • Data: raw facts about things and events • Information: transformed data that has value for decision making • Essential to organize data for retrieval and maintenance

  5. INITIAL TERMINOLOGY • Data - facts that are recorded and can be accessed • Data formats – text, numbers, figures, graphics, images, audio/video recordings and more • Data is recorded and kept because it is considered to be of use to an intended user • Information - refers to the data that is accessed by a user for some particular purpose • Typically, getting the needed information from a collection of data requires performing an activity, such as searching through, processing, or manipulating the data in some form or fashion • Metadata - data that describes the structure and the properties of the data • Metadata is essential for the proper understanding and use of the data

  6. INITIAL TERMINOLOGY Data without metadata - example

  7. INITIAL TERMINOLOGY Data with metadata - example

  8. INITIAL TERMINOLOGY • Database - structured collection of related data stored on a computer medium • Organizes the data in a way that facilitates efficient access to the information captured in the data • Database metadata – represents the structure of the database • Database content that is not the data itself (data about the data) • Contains: • Names of data structures • Data types • Data descriptions • Other information describing the characteristics of the data

  9. INITIAL TERMINOLOGY • Database management system (DBMS) - software used for: • Creation of databases • Insertion, storage, retrieval, update, and deletion of the data in the database • Maintenance of databases • Database system - computer-based system whose purpose is to enable an efficient interaction between the users and the information captured in a database

  10. INITIAL TERMINOLOGY Typical database system architecture

  11. STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE SYSTEMS

  12. STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE SYSTEMS • Requirements collection, definition, and visualization - results in the requirements specifying which data the future database system will hold and in what fashion, and what the capabilities and functionalities of the database system will be • The collected requirements should be clearly defined and stated in a written document, and then visualized

  13. STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE SYSTEMS • Requirements collection, definition, and visualization • Conceptual database model – a visualization of requirements by using a conceptual data modeling technique (such as entity-relationship [ER] modeling)

  14. STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE SYSTEMS • Database modeling (logical database modeling ) - creation of the database model that is implementable by the DBMS software • Logical database modeling follows conceptual database modeling

  15. STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE SYSTEMS • Database implementation - using a DBMS to implement the database model as an actual database • Most modern databases are implemented using a relational DBMS (RDBMS) software

  16. STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE SYSTEMS • Developing front-end applications - designing and creating applications for indirect use by the end-users • Front-end applications are based on the database model and the requirements specifying the front-end functionalities • Front-end applications contain interfaces (such as forms and reports) accessible via a navigation mechanism (such as a menu)

  17. STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE SYSTEMS • Database deployment - releasing the database system for use by the end users

  18. STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE SYSTEMS • Database use - the insertion, modification, deletion and retrieval of the data in the database system

  19. STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE SYSTEMS • Database administration and maintenance - performing activities that support the database end user, including dealing with technical issues, such as: • Providing security for the information contained in the database • Ensuring sufficient hard-drive space for the database content • Implementing the backup and recovery procedures

  20. STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE SYSTEMS Iterative nature of the database requirements collection, definition, and visualization process

  21. PEOPLE INVOLVED WITH DATABASE SYSTEMS • Database analysts, designers, and developers • Database analysts - involved in the requirements collection, definition, and visualization stage • Database designers (a.k.a. database modelers or architects) - involved in the database modeling stage • Database developers – in charge of implementing the database model as a functioning database using the DBMS software

  22. PEOPLE INVOLVED WITH DATABASE SYSTEMS • Front-end applications analysts and developers • Front-end application analysts - in charge of collecting and defining requirements for front-end applications • Front-end applications developers - in charge of creating the front-end applications

  23. PEOPLE INVOLVED WITH DATABASE SYSTEMS • Database administrators (DBAs) - perform the tasks related to the maintenance and administration of a database system • Database end users - use a database system to support their work- or life-related tasks and processes • Users differ in: • Level of technical sophistication • Amount of data that they need • Frequency with which they access the database system

  24. Database Characteristics • Persistent • Inter-related • Shared

  25. University Database

  26. Water Utility Database

  27. Database Management System (DBMS) • Collection of components that support data acquisition, dissemination, storage, maintenance, retrieval, and formatting • Enterprise DBMSs • Desktop DBMSs • Embedded DBMSs • Major part of information technology infrastructure

  28. Database Definition • Define database structure before using a database • Tables and relationships • SQL CREATE TABLE statement • Graphical tools

  29. University Database

  30. Table Definition Window

  31. Table Contents (Rows)

  32. University Database (ERD)

  33. Nonprocedural Access • Query: request for data to answer a question • Indicate what parts of database to retrieve not the procedural details • Improve productivity and improve accessibility • SQL SELECT statement and graphical tools

  34. Graphical Tool for Nonprocedural Access

  35. Query Result

  36. Application Development • Form: formatted document for data entry and display • Report: formatted document for display • Use nonprocedural access to specify data requirements of forms and reports

  37. Sample Data Entry Form

  38. Sample Report

  39. Procedural Language Interface • Combine procedural language with nonprocedural access • Why • Batch processing • Customization and automation • Performance improvement

  40. Transaction Processing • Transaction: unit of work that should be reliably processed • Control simultaneous users • Recover from failures

  41. Database Technology Evolution

  42. Recent Database Technology Developments • Data warehouse processing • Data integration • Storage/retrieval of summary data • Cloud computing • No fixed costs of ownership • Data and software • Big data demands • Demands from smart phones, auto technology, RFID tags, digitized media • NoSQL: simplified models for high performance

  43. DBMS Marketplace • Enterprise DBMS • Oracle: dominates in Unix; strong in Windows • SQL Server: strong in Windows • DB2: strong in mainframe and Unix environments • Teradata: usage as a data warehouse platform • SAP Sybase: possible challenge to Oracle • Amazon Web Services emerging • Significant open source DBMSs: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, MariaDB • Cloud-based and NoSQL: rapidly evolving • Desktop DBMS • Access: dominates • LibreOffice Base, OpenOffice Base, FileMaker Pro

  44. Data Independence • Software maintenance is a large part (50%) of information system budgets • Reduce impact of changes by separating database description from applications • Change database definition with minimal effect on applications that use the database

  45. Three Schema Architecture

  46. Differences among Levels • External • FacultyAssignmentFormView: data required for the form in Slide 18 (Figure 1.9) • FacultyWorkLoadReportView: data required for the report in Slide 19 (Figure 1.10) • Conceptual: tables in Figure 1.6 • Internal • Files needed to store the tables • Extra files to improve performance

  47. Client-Server Architecture

  48. Parallel Database Architecture

  49. Distributed Database Architecture

  50. Cloud Computing

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