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Uniform Motion

Uniform Motion. Uniform Motion. Uniform = “Constant” Neither the speed nor direction can change. Direction : must be moving in a straight line, forward or back OR up or down. Speed : can not be speeding up or slowing down. Speed. A term used to describe motion.

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Uniform Motion

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  1. Uniform Motion

  2. Uniform Motion Uniform = “Constant” Neither the speed nor direction can change. Direction: must be moving in a straight line, forward or back OR up or down. Speed: can not be speeding up or slowing down.

  3. Speed • A term used to describe motion. • Average speed is the distance an object moves in a certain length of time. • Speed = ∆ distance ÷ ∆ time • Speed is a scalar quantity so it has only magnitude (a number and units) and does not include direction. • Instantaneous speed is the speed at a specific instant in time.

  4. Q: When would you use average speed? A: When discussing the pace you were travelling during a trip. Ex. It took me one hour to drive to Truro 100 km away, so my average speed was 100 km/h. Q: What instrument in your car measures instantaneous speed? A: Speedometer. Q: When does instantaneous speed matter? A: When you are passing a police officer using a speed gun, which measures your speed at a specific instant.

  5. Velocity • Velocity describes an object’s displacement during a specific time interval. • Velocity is a vector quantity. • Velocity has both magnitude and direction. • Ex. 56 km/h West OR -9.8 m/s

  6. Constant and Average Velocity • When an object travels at the same speed and the same direction for a time interval, it has constant velocity. • Average velocity: the displacement of an object divided by the time interval it takes to travel the displacement.

  7. Speed Graph • Also called Distance-Time Graph • Distance is on the “y” axis. • Time is on the “x” axis. • The slope of the line (how steep it is) is the speed.

  8. Graph shapes of uniform motion

  9. Uniform or Non-Uniform? Non-uniform

  10. Uniform

  11. The position-time graph that represents "uniform motion" is: A

  12. Slope or“Speed” • Rise ÷ Run • “Rise” (y-axis) is your change in distance (how far you went) • “Run” (x-axis) is your change in time (how long it took)

  13. (x2, y2) (11:30, 200km) * Step 1: Pick two points on the graph Step 2: Write down the coordinates and label (x1, y1) (x2, y2) Step 3: Calculate the rise (y2 – y1) Step 4: Calculate the run (x2 – x1) Step 5: Divide the rise (∆y) by the run (∆x) * (x1, y1) (9:30, 40km) Rise = (y2 – y1) Rise = (200 – 40) Rise = 160 km Run = (x2 –x1) Run = (11:30-9:30) Run = 2 hours Speed = Rise / Run Speed = 160 km / 2 hr Speed = 80 km/hr

  14. (200, 5000) Calculate the speed. Speed = d/t or rise/run Speed = (5000 – 1000) ÷ (200 – 40) Speed = 4000 m ÷ 160 s Speed = 25m/s (40, 1000)

  15. 1st: Constant speed to the right. ∆d = 60m – 0 m; ∆d = 60m ∆t = 10s – 0s; ∆t = 10s Speed = ∆d / ∆t; Speed = 60m/10s; Speed = 6m/s 2nd: Stationary (not moving). • 3rd: Constant speed to the left (straight line) ∆d = -40m – 60m; ∆d = 100m ∆t = 40s – 15s; ∆t = 25s Speed = ∆d / ∆t; Speed = 100m/25s; Speed = 4m/s • 4th: Constant speed to the right (straight line) ∆d = 0m - -40m; ∆d = 40m ∆t = 60s – 40s; ∆t = 40s Speed = ∆d / ∆t; Speed = 40m/20s; Speed = 2ms

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